Nanopowders, use

Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi SA, Taheri-Nassaj E (2009) Economical synthesis of AI2O3 nanopowder using a precipitation method. Mater Lett 63 2274-2276... 

Bell, N. S. Rodriguez, M. A. Dispersion properties of an alumina nanopowder using molecular, polyelectrolyte, and steric stabilization. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 2004, 4, 283-290. 

Wang Y, Zhang S, Wei K, Zhao N, Chen J, Wang X. Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanopowders using cationic surfactant as a template. Mater Lett 2006 60 1484-7. 

Schenk, R., Hessel, V., Jongen, N., Buscaglia, V., Guillemet-Eritsch, S., Jones, A. G., Nanopowders produced using microreactors, Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, in press (2004). 

Zirconia nanopowders have attracted much attention recently due to their specific optical and electrical properties [38] and as catalysts [39]. Liang et al. [40] have synthesized pure Zr02 nanopowders via sonochemical method. In this study, the use of ultrasound has dramatically reduced the temperature of reaction and made the reaction conditions very easy to maintain. 

Homogeneous LaMn03 nanopowder with the size of 19-55 nm and with the specific surface area of 17-22 m2/g has been synthesized using a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to prevent agglomeration [47], The sonochemically prepared LaMn03 showed a lower phase transformation temperature of 700°C, as compared to the LaMn03 prepared by other conventional methods which has been attributed to the homogenization caused by sonication. Also, a sintered density of 97% of the powders was achieved for the sonochemically prepared powders at low temperature than that of conventionally prepared powders. 

Tests on the activity of LP-produced Fe-based nanopowders for liquefaction of a sub-bituminous coal under high (688 K, 1 h of reaction) and low (658 K, 0.25 h of reaction) severity conditions have been reported.38 The catalysts tested were Fe7C3 (92 m2 g 1 (BET), particle size = 17 nm (XRD))and Fe XS (42 m2 g 1 (BET), particle size = 14 nm (XRD).38 For comparison, a commercial superfine iron oxide catalyst (SFIO, supplied by Mach I, Inc.) whose major phase has been identified in one study as y-Fe20339 (surface area = 195 m2 g 1 (BET), particle diameter = 3 nm (XRD)) and in other study as the ferrihydrite40 was also evaluated under similar conditions. The coal liquefaction experiments were carried out in 50 cm3 horizontal microautoclave reactors loaded with 3 g of sub bituminous Black Thunder coal and 5 g of tetralin used as hydrogen donor. Catalyst loadings of 0.7% and 1.4% of as-received coal... 

Kotov Yu.A. (2003) Nanopowders, received with using of impulse methods for heating of target, Perspektivnye Materialy 4, 79-82 (in Russian). 

The subjects of investigations were diamond catalysts produced by various methods of modification of the initial diamond nanopowders synthesized by the ALIT Company using the detonation of oxygen-deficient explosives. 

As will be outlined later, high-performance electrodes use small particles, and it is hard to imagine that solid electrolytes can provide sufficiently good contact with respect to a nanopowder arrangement. Solid electrolytes [16] such as LiPON are, however, favorable for thin film cells for low-power applications or as additional separators, and they are stable even in contact with metallic Li [17]. 

Figure 3.5.15 gives a particularly instructive example [33, 34], It refers to Sn as anode material that even in the form of (commercial) nanopowders does not show a useful cyclability. This is in sharp contrast to the morphology shown in Figure 3.5.15. The morphology leads to optimization by improving not less than seven battery-relevant parameters (1) Sn particles are mechanically decoupled and do not suffer from pulverization upon volume change on cycling. (2) Carbon provides an efficient way of electron transport along the fiber to the tin particle. (3) Li+...

So far, only two reports have been found in the literature on the syntheses of V2O3 and VO2 nanoparticles [6,9]. The purpose of this article is to study the probability of preparation of V2O3, VO2 and V2O5 nanopowders by pyrolysis of the precursor, (NH4)5 [(VO) 6 (C03)4(0H)9] IOH2O, at lower temperatures under H2, N2 or air atmosphere respectively. Our investigation is aimed to prepare the ceramics of vanadium oxides with nanometer-sized grains using these powders and to observe the... 

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