Nanoporous polymer foams precursors

Modification of the foaming processes, polymer precursors, or inclusion or an additional production step that allows connecting the inner open porous structures of some of these materials with the exterior of the sample. By this way a wide set of apphcations could be fulfilled by these nanoporous polymer foams. 

Next, it was demonstrated that the CNT presents limitations when the nuclei size falls into the nanometric range [81]. However, the alternative nucleation models present a significant complexity therefore CNT is commonly used to provide a qualitative estimation of nncleation in nanoporous foams the feamres proposed by Spitael et al. currently are stiU widely accepted. In addition, it is well known that nanoporous polymer requires nuclei densities greater than 10 " nuclei per cubic centimeter of the precursor materials. Therefore initial micelle densities should be higher than this value to produce nanoporous polymers from polymer blends presenting a nucellar nanostructuration, but hopefully these values can be expected even when BCP precursors are blended at low copolymer concentration (eg, <10 wt%). 

Polymer SoUd precursors preparation and features Nanostructuration Foaming parameters Nanoporous structure Nucleation mechanism s evidences References... 

Nanostructured solid polymer blends for the potential production of micro- and nanoporous materials by a foaming process theoretical features, precursors, and morphologies... 

In this section the features required by a nanostructured polymer or polymer blend to be an optimal precursor for nanoporous foamed polymers are reviewed. Moreover, nanostructured polymer blends used in foaming processes are described and compared to the ideal features, paying a particniar attention to the possible limitations of their use. 

Other desirable features for the nanostructured precursors of nanoporous foamed polymers have been defined in the literature. Wang and Li defined the ideal characteristics of a BCP for a confined swelling-induced pore-making method using solvents different from CO2 [85]. They establish that the polymer matrix (major component of the BCP, or BCP/polymer blend) should present a Tg well above room temperature... 

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