Nanomaterial electrodeposition technique

A number of processes are being used for producing nanomaterials for bulk production. The most common techniques used for synthesizing nanostructure materials include inert gas condensation, mechanical alloying, thermal spraying, electrodeposition, jet vapor deposition, vacuum thermal evaporation, and controlled chanical precipitation. 

This article reviews the capabilities and advantages of electrodeposition as a reliable and simple technique for the growth of semiconductor nanomaterials and fabrication of large-area... 

A BCP is a good tool for the design of nanostractured materials, as discussed in the previous sections. It offers a flexible platform for a variety of nanomaterials with functionalities and robustness since one can combine BCP SA with a sol-gel process, nanoparticle synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, or electroless deposition. Thus, in principle, the structural and material diversity obtained from the aforementioned techniques is substantial. This section introduces specific classes of material prepared from BCP-directed SA by the Wiesner group. 

It should be noted that anodic aluminum oxide templates are also frequently used to produce nanomaterials by sol-gel, by PVD or CVD techniques. Most straightforward is, however, electrodeposition for pore filling. 

The fundamental aspect for creating these tanplated nanomaterials is relatively straightforward. First, the template, a variety of which will be discussed in the next section, is positioned on a current collector, or one is applied to it through a thin film deposition technique such as thermal or e-beam evaporation. The tanplate is then placed in the electrochemical plating bath. Electrodeposition of the material occurs through the template pores or along their walls. This is followed by the removal of the template through mostly chemical processes such as dissolution however, other processes such as thermal decomposition can be used. 

Abstract Electrodeposition is a weU-known conventional surface modification method to improve the surface characteristics, decorative and functional, of a wide variety of materials. Now, electrodeposition is emerging as an accepted versatile technique for the preparation of nanomaterials. Work done in this direction is discussed in this chapter. The basics of electrodeposition are introduced, then the electrodeposition of nanomaterials using special techniques for reducing grain size. Methods such as pulse and pulse reverse current deposition, template-assisted deposition and use of additives and grain refiners are explained with suitable examples. Deposition of nanostructured metals, alloys, metal matrix composites, multilayers and biocompatible materials reported in the literature are discussed. Finally, there is a discussion of the improved corrosion resistance of electrodeposited nanostructured materials, quoting results reported in Uterature. 

Template-assisted electrodeposition is another important technique for synthesizing metallic nanomaterials with controlled shape and size. Arrays of nanostmctured materials with specific arrangements can be prepared by this method (Bera et al., 2004 Gurrappa and Binder, 2008). Template synthesis of nanomaterials is reported widely (Fumeaux et al, 1989 Martin, 1994 Hulteen and Martin, 1997 Schonenberger et al., 1997 ElGiar et al, 2000 Tiginyanu et al, 2008 Baranov et al, 2010). 

Electrodeposition is a versatile technique for the production of nanostructured materials with lower capital investment, higher production rates and few shape and size limitations. Electrodeposited nanomaterials such as nanostractured metals, alloys and metal matrix composites have proven successful in providing superior corrosion resistance of substrate materials compared with the corresponding microstmctured materials. 

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