Nanocomposite, processing

Table 3.7 displays property examples for polyamide nanocomposites processed by various methods. 

Oksman K, Sain M (2006) Cellulose nanocomposites -processing, characterization and properties. ACS Symp Ser 938 256... 

Let us consider two more important aspects of nanofiller particles aggregation within the frameworks of the model [31]. Some features of the indicated process are defined by nanoparticle diffusion at nanocomposite processing. Specifically, length scale, connected with diffusible nanoparticle, is correlation length of diffusion. By definition, the growth phenomena in sites, remote more than are statistically independent. Such definition allows to connect the value with the mean distance between nanofiller particle aggregates L. The value can be calculated according to the equation as in what follows [31] ... 

F. Hussain, M. Hojjati, M. Okamoto, and R. E. Gorga, Polymer-matrix nanocomposites, processing, manufacturing, and application an overview, J. Composite Mater., 40, 1511-1575... 

Bondeson, D., Kvien, I., Oksman, K. Strategies for preparation of cellulose whiskers from microcrystalline cellulose as reinforcement in nanocomposites. In Oksman, K., Sain, M. (eds.) Cellulose Nanocomposites Processing, Characterization, and Properties ACS Symposium Series 938. American Chemical Society, Washington (2006)... 

Nonwoven mats of cellulose microfibrils were also used to prepare polyurethane composite materials via film stacking method [160], Water-redispersible nanofibrillated cellulose in powder form was recently prepared from refined bleached beech pulp by carboxymethylation and mechanical disintegration [161], However, the carboxymethylated sample displayed a loss of crystallinity and strong decrease in thermal stability limiting its use for nanocomposite processing. 

Implementation of the novel properties of nanocomposites strongly depends on processing methods that lead to controlled particle size distribution, dispersion, and interfacial interactions. Processing technologies for nanocomposites are different from those for composites with micrometer-scale fillers, and new developments in nanocomposite processing are among the reasons for their recent success. 

Koo, J. (2006) Polymer Nanocomposites Processing, Characterization, and Applications. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0071458212,9780071458214, New York Koval chuk, A. Shevchenko, V. Shchegolikhin, A. Nedorezoca, P. Klyamkina, A. Aladyshev, A. (2008) Effect of carbon nanotube functionalization on the structural and mechanical properties of polypropylene/MWCNT composites. Macromol. Vol.41, No.20, pp.7536-7542... 

E Hussain, Review Article Polymer-Matrix Nanocomposites, Processing, Manufacturing, and Application An Overview. J. Compos. Mater. 2006, 40,... 

J.H. Koo, Polymer Nanocomposites-Processing, Characterization and Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 235-261, 2006. 

C. Jayesh, S. Raghunandan, and K.K. Kar, Chapter 19. In J.K. Pandey et al, eds.. Handbook of Polymer Nanocomposites. Processing, Performance and Applications-Volume B Carbon Nanotube based Polymer Composites. 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Germany. 

Isik, L, Yilmazer, U., and Bayram, G. 2008. Impact modified polyamide-6/organoclay nanocomposites Processing and characterization. Polymer Composites 29 133-141. 

Koo, J. H. 2006. Polymer Nanocomposites Processing, Characterization, and Applications. New York McGraw Hill Nanoscience and Technology Series. 

Rojas OJ, Montero GA, Habibi YJ (2009) Electrospun nanocomposites from polystyrene loaded with cellulose nanowhiskers. Appl Polym Sci 113 927-935 Roman M, Winter WT (2004) Effect of sulfate groups from sulfuric acid hydrolysis on the thermal degradation behavior of bacterial cellulose. Biomacromolecules 5 1671-1677 Roman M, Winter WT (2006) Cellulose nanocomposites processing, characterization, and properties. In Oksman K, Sain M (eds) ACS symposium series 938. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC... 

Wagberg L, Decher G, Norgren M et al (2008) The build up of polyelectrolyte multilayers of microfibrillated cellulose and cationic polyelectrolytes. Langmuir 24 784-795 Wan WK, Hutter JL, Millon LE et al (2006) Bacterial cellulose and it s nanocomposites for biomedical applications. In Oksman K, Sain M (eds) Cellulose nanocomposites. Processing characterization and properties. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC Wang B, Sain M (2007a) Dispersion of soybean stock-based nanofibre in a plastic matrix. Polym Int 56 538-546... 

Solution casting has been widely used as a nanocomposite processing method since solvent intercalation is the simplest way to prepare PLA/clay nanocomposites. But, a solvent where polymer is soluble and nanofillers are highly dispersible is necessary. The preparation of PLA-based nanocomposites by this method normally results in good dispersion of the nanofillers within the polymer matrix, and consequently in enhanced properties, as has successfully been demonstrated by some authors. 

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