Nanocelluloses structural characteristics

Because of the extraordinary supramolecular structure and exceptional product characteristics as high-molecular and high-crystalline cellulosics with a water content up to 99%, nanocelluloses require increasing attention. This review assembles the current knowledge in research, development, and application in the field of nanocelluloses through examples. The topics combine selected results on nanocelluloses from bacteria and wood as well as their use as technical membranes and composites with the first longtime study of cellulosics in the animal body for the development of medical devices such as artificial blood vessels, and the application of bacterial nanocellulose as animal wound dressings and cosmetic tissues. 

X-ray diffraction patterns of nanocellulose and PANI are shown in Figure 1.5(a). The peaks of nanocellulose are typical for cellulose I and show the highest intensity at 26 = 22.5°, accompanied by two close weak peaks in the region 26 = 14.6° and 16.4°, and another weak peak at 26 = 34.3°, characteristic of cellulose crystal assignments of the (1 —1 0), (1 1 0), (2 0 0) and (0 0 4) planes, respectively (Wada et al., 2004). However, the broad halo peak represents the amorphous structure of PANI. Crystalline PANI has been obtained when the polymeiiziahon took place at low temperature (Stejskal et al., 1998). 

---