Nanobiological devices

Positional control of conjugation is essential at two levels in the assembly of nanobiological devices [6-8], Recently developed chemoselective conjugation... 

Lee, S. C. 2000. Dendrimers in nanobiological devices, in Tomalia, D. and Frechet, J. M. J. (eds). Dendritic Polymers-A New Macromolecular Architecture Based on the Dendritic State, John Wiley Sons, in press. 

Potential new technological developments that may results from these discoveries include nanobiological devices, micromachines, nanoelectronic devices and protein microarrays and next-generation computer chips (Alkire and Braatz, 2005 [179] Sematech, 2005 [187]). These examples represent only a few of many potential technologies on the horizon that we cannot hope to understand, develop, or utilize in a timely manner without simulation-based engineering methods. 

The most important direction for future research is the application of the multiscale systems approach to a broad range of additional non-trivial systems. There are a large number of such candidates, including many in which electrochemical phenomena play a significant role. The greatest number of electrochemical-based applications in the near term is likely to be in micro- and nanoelectronics, given the head-start in applications of multiscale simulation and the intense interest of the semiconductor industry, as cited earlier in this chapter. Additional applications are likely to arise in nanobiomedical sensors and other nanobiological devices, many of which are closely related to micro- and nanoelectronic processes in terms of chemistry, physics, materials and components. The pursuit of specific applications will also serve to improve the systems tools, as any nontrivial applications are apt to do. 

Prokop, A. (2001) Bioartificial Organs in the Twenty-First Century—Nanobiological Devices. Bioartificial Organs III Tissue Sourcing, Immunoisolation, and Clinical Trials. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 944, 472-490. 

Nanolithography The art of fabricating nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and nanobiology devices and systems... 

Figure 52 Some current nanobiological devices utilizing dendritic polymers.

S.C. Lee et al. Dendrimers in nanobiological devices, in Dendrimers and Other Derulritic Polymers, J.M.J. Frechet and D.A. TomaUa, Eds. John Wiley Sons West Sussex, pp. 547-554, 2001. 

Although many of the above examples are in the early stages of development, they have clearly demonstrated concepts that illustrate the current potential for dendrimers in a variety of nanodevices, many of them supramolecular or supramflcromolecular in nature. Figure 47 is a pictorial summary of some of these nanobiological devices. Further information on the individual concepts may be found in the literature [34,215,216]. 

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