Nano-size polymers

However, as methods such as XRD and ED, HRTEM, EXAFS, XPS and MS (see chapter 7), for long- and short-range solid-state analysis, were developed, more direct information especially about the nano-sized polymers was obtained (Atkinson et ak,... 

Biomedical Application Opportunities of Nano-Sized Polymers 229... 

Nano-sized polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (nano-PDLC), voltage-biased PDLC, double-layered homogeneous LC, and double-layered LC gels are aU polarization independent. Compare their pros and cons. 

Fakirov S (2011) From bulk to nano-sized polymers with controlled nano-morphology. Express Polym Lett 5 479. 

Nano-sized polymers and particles adhere on the surface of tumor cells, and are taken up into tumor cells by endocytosis or macropinocytosis. In the endocytic pathway, pH gradually decreases from 7.4 (physiological pH) to 6 (endosomal pH) and to 5 (lysosomal pH). Eor intracellular release of pDNA, poly[Asp(Hyd-PEG)]-block-p[Asp(diaminoethane)] (Eigure 10.1(b)) has been reported to show high... 

In addition to electrospinning, bulk polymers can be converted into nano-size materials by the recently developed concept of micro- or nanofibrilar composites starting from polymer blends. Nano-size polymers can also be obtained directly during synthesis. In the pharmaceutical industry, nano-size polymers are prepared using their solution. Many more applications also exist. 

Nanostructured and Nano-size Polymer Materials How to Generate Them and Do We Need Them ... 

Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 S. Fakirov (ed.). Nano-size Polymers,... 

In this volume many aspects of polymer nanomaterials are covered, with emphasis on nano-sized polymers. This first includes the several routes for their preparation, in particular ... 

Extraction of nano-size fibers from biosources Direct synthesis of nano-size polymers Precipitation of nanoparticles from solution Preparation of nanostructures via self-assembly Nanofibers by electrospinning... 

To obtain polymer nano-size objects [11, 12], direct synthesis is a possible way. One could perform polymerization at very high dilution, which however is difficult because of contaminations, or use micro- or nanoemulsions with small compartments to perform polymerization. In this way nano-sized polymer materials can be produced, which are either composed out of small polymer nanoparticles or contain nano-size holes. One chapter of the book describes procedures and properties. 

Nanoprecipitation is another technique to obtain nano-sized polymer particles. An organic polymer solution is rapidly given to a nonsolvent (typically water), and nanoparticles are generated during precipitation of the polymer at the interfaces. The process depends critical on all components, and surfactant can be added to further control nanoparticle size. In this way one can produce polymer nanoparticles at large scale to be used in biomedical, biotechnological, or environmental applications. Also here the chapter of the book describes further details. 

Nano-sized Polymer Structures via Self-assembly and Co-assembly Approaches... 

Nano-sized Polymer Stmetmes via Self-assembly. .. 

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