NAMES OF ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS

Acids consisting of hydrogen and one other element are named for the element with a hydro- prefix and an ending of -ic. These acids include HF, hydrofluoric HCl, hydrochloric acid HBr, hydrobromic acid and HjS, hydrosulfuric acid. Another acid named in this manner is HCN, hydrocyanic acid. 

Bases that contain hydroxide ion are named very simply by the rules of nomenclature for ionic compounds. The name consists of the name of the metal followed by hydroxide. For example, LiOH is lithium hydroxide, KOH is potassium hydroxide, and Mg(OH)2 is magnesium hydroxide. 

Salts are named according to the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion. The names of the more important ions are listed in Table 6.8. One important cation, ammonium ion, NEii, and a number of anions are polyatomic ions, meaning that they consist of 2 or more atoms per ion. Table 6.8 includes some polyatomic ions. Note that most polyatomic ions contain oxygen as one of the elements. 

H+hydrogen Mg magnesium Al aluminum H hydride oxide nitride 

Li lithium Ca caldom Fe iron ) F fluoride sidfide PO43- phosphate 

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