Nafion zirconium phosphate composite

Casciola M, Bagnasco G, Domiadio A, Micoli L, Pica M, Sganappa M, Turco M (2009) Conductivity and methanol permeability of Nafion-zirconium phosphate composite membranes containing high aspect ratio filler particles. Fuel Cells 9 394-400... 

P. Costamagna, C. Yang, A.B. Bocarsly, and S. Srinivasan. Nafion (R) 115/zirconium phosphate composite membranes for operation of PEMFCs above 100 degrees C. Electrochimica Acta 47, 1023-1033 2002. 

FIGURE 21.45 Polarization curves of PEMFCs based on Nation 115 and Nafion 115-a-ZrP (123 wt%) at 130°C and 3 atm with reactants humidified at 130°C. (Reprinted from Electrochim. Acta, Nafion (R) 115/zirconium phosphate composite membranes for operation of PEMFCs above 100 degrees C., 47, 2002, 1023, Costamagna, R, Yang, C., Bocarsly, A.B., Srinivasan, S. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

Yang C, Srinivasan S, Aric6 AS, Creti P, Baglio V, Antonucci V (2001) Composite Nafion/ zirconium phosphate membranes for direct methanol fuel cell operation at high temperature. 

The preference of Nafion for up taking methanol over water is certainly an undesirable property for DMFC using this proton conducting membrane. It would be worth to review the effect of inorganic or organic Nafion composite membranes on the sorption of water-methanol from the liquid phase and on the partition constant. The few reported studies include Nafion/sulfonated organosilica [47] and Nafion/zirconium phosphate [78], where a reduction of the total liquid uptake is observed for the composites in methanol solutions up to 10 M, attributed to a reduction of the free volume in the ionic clusters. 

C. Yang, S. Srinivasan, A. S. Arico, P. Creti, V. Baglio and V. Antonucd, Composite Nafion/ Zirconium phosphate membranes for direct methanol fuel ceU operation at high temperature, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 4 (4), A31-A34 (2001). 

Sahul, A.K., Pitchumani, S., Sridhar, P., and Shukla, A.K. (2009) Co-assembly of a Nafion-mesoporous zirconium phosphate composite membrane for PEM fuel cells. Fuel Cells, 9,139-147. 

Costamagna, R, Yang, C., Bocarsly, A.B., and Srinivasan, S. (2002) Nafion 115/ zirconium phosphate composite membranes for operation of PEMFCs above 100°C, Electrochim. Acta, 47, 1023-1033. 

Bauer, F. and Willert-Porada, M. (2006) Comparison between Nafion and a Nafion zirconium phosphate nano-composite in fuel cell applications. Fuel Cells, 6, 261-269. 

Yang, C., Srinivasan, S., Bocarsly, A. B., Tulyani, S. and Benziger, J. B. 2004. A comparison of physical properties and fuel cell performance of Nafion and zirconium phosphate/Nafion composite membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 237 145-161. 

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