N-acetylneuraminic add

U. Kragl, M. Kittelmann, O. Ghisalba, and C. Wandrey, N-Acetylneuraminic add from a rare chemical from natural sources to a multikilogram enzymic synthesis for industrial application, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 750, 300-305. 

Miyata, T., T.Ishii, N.Sugiyama, Y.Okano, N.Nishi, K.Takahama, S.Ogasawara, Y. Oda, K.Yokoyama, Y.Murata, et al. 1990. Effect of N-acetylneuraminic add on respiratory tract secretion and inflammation in the bronchitic rabbit. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 304 277-289. 

One of the most potent synthetic inhibitors for NA, commercially available 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic add 6 (DANA, fig. (11), Ki = 4 and 20 pM for flu A and B, respectively) [31], has been obtained by the simple dehydration of sialic add 1 and it has been discovered over 25 years ago [32]. 

I. Maru, J. Ohnishi, Y. Ohta, Y. Tsukada, Simple and large-scale production of N-acetylneuraminic add from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and pyruvate using N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetyl-neuraminate lyase, Curb. Res. 1998, 306, 575-578. 

Recently, other aldolases have been used, such as sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic add) aldolase, which catalyses the condensation between pyruvate as the nucleophile and the open-chain form of N-acetylmanno-samine (7) as the electrophilic component of the reaction (Scheme 5.9). In... 

A synthetase purified from liver and submaxillary gland produces N-acetylneuraminic add 9-phosphate and Pj by condensing acetylmannosamine-6-phos-phate and phosphoenolpyruvic acid. Sialic acid is formed by the action of phosphatase on N-acetylneuraminic acid-9-phosphate. The biosynthetic pathway of sialic acid is summarized in Fig. 3-32. 

P. Hermentin and J. Seidat, Micro-scale analysis of N-acetylneuraminic add . In H.S. Conradt (ed.) Protein Glycosylation Cellular, Biotechndogical, and Analytical Aspects. GBF Monographs 15 (1991) 185,... 

The 0-acetylation of N-acetylneuraminic add has also been investigated by Schauer (1970a,b) who showed that homogenates of bovine submaxillary glands catalyze the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to position 7 or 8 of N-acetylneuraminic acid. 

Hinderlich S, Stasche R, ZeitlerR, Reutter W. (1997) A bifunctional enzyme catalyzes the first two steps in N-acetylneuraminic add biosynthesis of rat liver. Purification and charaderization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase. J Biol Chem 272, 24313-24318. 

Anba-Mondoloni, J., Chaillou, S., Zagorec, M., and Chan iomier-Verges, M.C. (2013) Catabolism of N-acetylneuraminic add, a fitness function of the food-borne lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus sakei, involves two newly characterized proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 19, 2012-2018. 

---