Myxobacteria macrolides from

Kunze, B., Jansen, R., Sasse, R, Hofle, G., and Reichenbach, H. (1998). Apicularens A and B, new cytostatic macrolides from Chondromyces species (Myxobacteria) Production, physicochemical and biological properties. J. Antibiot. 51,1075-1080. 

Soraphens. A family of 18-membered, antifungal macrolides from Sorangium cellulosum (Myxobacteria). The main and concomitantly the most active component S. A is obtained from the cell extract by crystallization (C29H44O8, Mr 520.66, [a] -124°... 

Jansen, R., Irschik, H., Reichenbach, H., and Hofle, G. (1997) Antibiotics from gliding bacteria, LXXX. Chivosazoles A-F novel antifungal and cytotoxic macrolides from Sorangium cdlidosum (Myxobacteria). Liebigs Ann. Chem.,... 

Overall, however, the immensity of temperate land corresponds to a most various secondary metabolic production, different from that of tropical land. The most renowned alkaloids belong to the morphine class (Chart 6.2.A1), and, in combination with isoprenoids, to the ergot and triterpene classes (Chart 6.2. A2). Prominent in the peptides are the cyclosporins (the first of which was isolated from a fiingus collected in Norway), streptogramins, and P-lactams (Chart 6.2.P). The isoprenoids are represented by pyrethrin monoterpenes, cedrane sesquiterpenes, ginkgolide and taxane diterpenes, ophiobolane sesterterpenes, and arborane and amyrin-like triterpenes (Chart 6.2.1). In the polyketides, epothilones, recently discovered from Myxobacteria, and the long known rapamycin, are two prominent classes of macrolides (Chart 6.2.FA/PO/C). 

Marine sponges of the genus Haliclona contain a diverse array of active secondary metabolites, including highly potent cytotoxic macrolides, e g., halichondrin and related compounds, Fig. (56) [468], and salicylihalamides A and B, Fig. (57) [469], New macrolides chemically related to salicylihalamides, apicularens A and B, were recently isolated from the myxobacteria Chondromyces sp. [470], From marine bacteria, other cytotoxic macrolides have been isolated, such as octalactin A, Fig. (58) and B, which have been shown as a cell cycle-specific anticancer drug [471], and swinholide, Fig. (59), isolated from symbiotic cyanobacteria with the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei [472]. 

Myxovirescins (myxovirescin Aj = megovalicin C, 89) are macrolide lactam antibiotics isolated from myxobacteria of Myxococcus sp. [112, 113]. Myxovirescin E (90) has a 26-membered ring, and myxovirescin P] (91) and P2 have... 

Steinmetz, H., Irschik, H., Kunze, B., Reichenbach, H. et al. (2007) Thug-gacins, macrolide antibiotics active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . isolation from myxobacteria, structure elucidation, conformation analysis and biosynthesis. Chem. Eur. /., 13 (20), 5822-5832. 

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