Myelinating Schwann cell

De Waegh, S. M., Lee, V. M.-Y. and Brady, S. T. Local modulation of neurofilament phosphorylation, axonal caliber, and slow axonal transport by myelinating Schwann cells. Cell 68 451-463,1992. 

The G-ratio may indicate abnormal reciprocal signaling between the axon and the myelinating Schwann cell or may highlight thin myelin or conversely, thin axons, since there is normally a rough correlation between axon diameter and myelin thickness. 

The effects of a dominant connexin 32 mutant in myelinating Schwann cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 32, 283-298. 

Figure 30.4. Myelinating Schwann cell of PNS. The same Schwann cell is shown unwrapped (top), in longitudinal section (middle), and in cross section (bottom). Note the channels of cytoplasm (Schmidt-Lantermann clefts) and the large expanses of compacted cell membranes (myelin). (These drawings are not to scale.) (From Raine, Morphology of myelin and myelination. In P. Morell (Ed.). Myelin, 2nd ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1984.)...

Martini, R. The effect of myelinating Schwann cells on axons. Muscle and Nerve 24,456 466,... 

In diabetic neuropathy, nerves may be affected by damage to small blood vessels surrounding the sheath, but also by an accumulation of sorbitol and fructose in Schwann cells, leading to de-myelination. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that are necessary for the maintenance of peripheral nerve fibres (both myelinated and unmyelinated). In myelinated axons, Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath. 

Gillespie CS, Sherman DL, Blair GE, Brophy PJ (1994) Periaxin, a novel protein of myelinating Schwann cells with a possible role in axonal ensheathment. Neuron 12 497-508 Givogii Ml, Costa RM, Schonmann V, Silva AJ, Campagnoni AT, Bongarzone ER (2002) Central nervous system myelination in mice with deficient expression of Notch 1 receptor. J Neurosci... 

Non-myelinating Schwann cell is characterized by the following properties EXCEPT... 

Thus, it is currently not clear how local factors in the target tissue modulate recovery from an immune attack in the PNS. As yet unknown genetic susceptibility factors may modulate the inflammatory process itself and the response of axons and of myelinating Schwann cells to the inflammatory assault. As an example, axonal degeneration occurring in autoimmune neuropathies clearly affects prognosis (Dalakas, 1999). Indeed, parallel expression of neurotrophic factors and their receptors in CIDP may reflect such survival mechanisms in the PNS (Yamamoto et al., 2002). 

Because macrophages represent the major cell population in infildrates of affected nerves, they are considered to be key mediators of injury to myelin, Schwann cells, and axons. This hypothesis is reinforced by experimental studies, where depletion of macrophages prevents the development of BAN. Although endoneurial macrophages are present in... 

Watanabe E, Hiyama TY, Kodama R, Noda M (2002) NaX sodium channel is expressed in non-myelinating Schwann cells and alveolar type n cells in mice. Neurosci Lett 330 109-113. 

P2 is a component of myelin from the peripheral nervous system. It is localized on the cytoplasmic side of Schwann cells where it behaves as peripheral membrane protein, although a small amount is found in the cytoplasm (Trapp et al., 1984). Like the other iLBPs, the exact biochemical role of P2 is unknown. Its cellular localization and its ability to bind different fatty acids and retinoids (Uyemura et al., 1984) suggest that it may function in fatty acid trafficking. It would therefore play a major role in the movement of fatty acids between the site of uptake and that of esterification during the massive phospholipid synthesis phase of myelinating Schwann cells. 

Kirkpatarick LL, Brady ST. Modulation of the axoneil microtubule cytoskeleton by myelinating Schwann cells. J Neurosci 1994 14 7440-7455. 

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