Mutations genotoxicity testing

Lohman PHM, Mendelsohn ML, Moore DH, et al. 1992. A method for comparing and combining shortterm genotoxicity test data The basic system. Mutat Res 266 7-25. 

Genotoxicity Test—ICH Mutation Cell Type Method... 

Api AM, San RHC (1999) Genotoxicity tests with 6-acetyl-l,l,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline and l,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-g-2- benzopyran. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagenesis 446 67-81... 

Muller L, Kikuchi Y, Probst G, et al. ICH - harmonisation guidances on genotoxicity testing of pharmaceuticals evolution, reasoning and impact. Mutat Res 1999 436 195-225. 

Ohno, K., Taaka-Azuma, Y, Yoneda, Y. and Yamada, T. (2005) Genotoxicity test system based on p53R2 gene expression in human cells Examination with 80 chemicals. Mutation Research, 588, 45—57. 

Kirkland, D. and Speit, G. (2008) Evaluation of the ability of a battery of three in vitro genotoxicity tests to discriminate rodent carcinogens and non-carcinogens III. Appropriate followup testing in vivo. Mutation Research, 654, 114-132. 

Flamand, N., Marrot, L., Belaidi, J.P., Bourouf L., DouriDe, E., Feltes, M. and Meunier, J.R. (2006) Development of genotoxicity test procedures with Episkin, a reconstructed human skin model towards new tools for in vitro risk assessment of dermally applied compounds Mutation Research, 606, 39-51. 

NT097 Jansson, T., L. Romert, J. Magnusson, NT107 and D. Jenssen. Genotoxicity testing of extracts of a Swedish moist oral snuff Mutat Res 1991 261(2) 101-115. 

Garberg, P., Akerblom, E.L. Bolcsfoldi, G. (1988) Evaluation of a genotoxicity test measuring DNA-strand breaks in mouse lymphoma cells by alkaline unwinding and hydroxyapatite elution. Mutat. Res., 203, 155-176... 

Although not as frequently, several strains of Escherichia coli also are used in genotoxicity testing. E. coli WP2 and its derivatives possess a base-pair substitution in a tryptophan gene.144 Reversion to tryptophan independence can be caused by base-pair substitution mutagens and even some frameshift mutagens. DNA-repair mutations and the pkMIOl plasmid have been introduced into WP2 strains to increase sensitivity. 

Zeiger, E., Strategies and philosophies of genotoxicity testing what is the question , Mutation Res., 304, 309-314, 1994. 

Jha AN, Hutchinson TH, Mackay JM, Elliott BM, Dixon DR. 1996. Development of an in vivo marine genotoxicity test with Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta Nereidae). Mutat Res 359 141-150. 

Gocke E, Albertini S, Brendel-Schwaab S, Muller L, Suter W, et al. Genotoxicity testing of biotechnology-derived products. Report of a GUM task force. Mutat Res 1999 436 137-56. 

There was no evidence of genotoxicity in the standard genotoxicity test battery bacteria reverse mutation (Ames) tests, forward gene mutations in mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary AS42) cells, or mouse bone marrow MN test... 

Salmonella typhimurium/ Escherichia coli Plate Incorporation Mutation Assay in the Presence and Absence of Induced Rat Liver S-9 ICH S2A Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests for Pharmaceuticals, ICH S2B Genotoxicity A Standard Battery of Genotoxicity Testing of Pharmaceuticals 2-A 4-6 10,000-15,000... 

This hazard class is primarily concerned with chemicals that may cause mutations in the germ cells of humans that can be transmitted to the progeny. However, mutagenicity/genotoxicity tests in vitro and in mammalian somatic cells in vivo are also considered in classifying substances and mixtures within this hazard class. 

---