Photoionization multistep laser

Multistep laser photoionization has been applied to determine a number of important physical properties of heavy atoms with complex spectra including ionization potentials, energy levels, lifetimes of... 

Experimental. A multistep laser photoionization apparatus is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It has been described in detail previously. Other investigators have used... 

Finally, we mention the application of multistep laser photoionization to the detection of small numbers of atoms. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and at the Institute of Spectroscopy, USSR, have published papers on single atom detection. In both methods, resonant... 

In this review of multistep laser photoionization of the lanthanides and actinides, we hope that we have introduced the reader to a number of laser techniques for determining spectroscopic properties of these elements. We have undoubtedly overlooked some techniques and some papers on the subjects we did cover. The importance of laser methods in studying the spectroscopy of the lanthanides and actinides is well established and future applications should greatly expand our knowledge of these elements. 

Johnson, S. A. May, C. A. and Solarz, R. W., "Radiative lifetimes, absorption cross sections, and the observation of new high-lying odd levels of 238jj using multistep laser photoionization," J Opt. Soc. Am., 1976, 66, 846-853. 

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