Multipurpose detectors

A multipurpose detector essentially comprises of three detectors combined and housed together in a single unit. A typical example of such a detector is the one developed by Perkin-Elmer known as Perkin-Elmer 3D System which is depicted in Figure 30.10. 

Nowadays, there is a tendency to develop integrated multipurpose EM systems based on TEM/STEM or SEM instruments equipped with multiple detector systems, and using different electron and X-ray diffraction methods and observation modes. As a result, conventional TEM, STEM, and SEM instruments have evolved into a true AEM tool, which uses most of the signals produced during interaction between electron beam and sample. 

The temperature programmed oxidation is done using the same experimental multipurpose unit, coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer or a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), as shown in scheme Fig. 6.9. In addition we can use the thermo-differential method (TGA-DTA), as shown in Fig. 6.8. 

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