Multiple regulatory sequences

Unlike many viral vectors, use of NPs is not limited by DNA size. They are capable of delivering large-sized DNA having multiple regulatory sequences. They can also be used to deliver multiple genes simultaneously. 

While the specific location of cis- and -trans-acting sequences regulating DTNPB1 gene expression remain to be established, one of the former maybe in the first putative promoter. In that location, Pedrosa et al. (2009) identified a likely regulatory sequence between nucleotides 15,770,998 and 15,771,876 on the minus strand of chromosome 6p. That sequence is of special interest, because it contains a SNP location associated with schizophrenia in multiple studies (i.e., rs2619538 see Table 2.2-14). 

Georgel P, Meister M, Kappler C, Lemaitre B, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA. 1993. Insect immunity the diptericin promoter contains multiple functional regulatory sequences homologous to mammalian acute-phase response elements. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 508-17... 

The dynamic interconnection of Mulan with multiTF presents an effective way to identify TFBS shared by multiple species. In combination, these tools can be used to predict and prioritize functional elements in otherwise anonymous sequences, a method that has been shown to be highly effective in identifying novel genes and regulatory sequences. 

There are multiple isoforms of the a and p subunits of soluble GC that exhibit distinct tissue and cellular distributions. Most of the isoforms are expressed in brain, including 0Ci 3 and and P3. The p2 subunit is found primarily in lung. This isoform also contains a consensus sequence at its carboxy terminus for isoprenylation or carboxymethyl-ation, which could serve to anchor the protein to the plasma membrane. It has been proposed that specific isoforms of the a and P subunits of GC may form heterodimers with distinct functional and regulatory properties, although this remains to be established with certainty. 

Fig. 1.50. The function of the Rev protein in the processing of the transcripts of the Human Immunodeficincy Virns (HIV). The Rev protein is a regulatory protein reqnired for the processing of the primary transcripts of HIV. In the early stadium of viral replication, before Rev protein is available, spliced mRNA of ca. 2kb are transported to the cytosol. The spliced mRNAs are created by multiple splicing events of the primary transcript and encode the regnlatory proteins Tat, Rev and Net Once a critical level of Rev protein is formed, nnspliced (9kb) or only singly spliced (4kb) forms of the viral mRNA appear in the cytosol. These encode for strnctnral proteins and reverse transcriptase. The Rev protein binds to a particular sequence of the viral RNA, the Rev responsive element (RRE). The binding of Rev to the RRE enables the transport of unspliced viral transcript into cytosol.

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