Multiple mating, benefits

While mate choice for unfamiliar partners might be explained by the fitness benefits of multiple mating, inbreeding avoidance, and favouring rare genotypes, preference for familiar males is also sometimes observed. Why would females choose relatively familiar males as mates, given the benefits outlined above of avoiding such males ... 

Drnevich J. M., Papke R. S., Rauser C. L. and Rutowki R. L. (2001) Material benefits from multiple mating in female mealworm beetles (Tenebrio molitor L.). J. Insect Behav. 14, 215-230. 

Fig. 5 Benefit of obtaining multiple crystal forms to aid with protein-ligand crystallographic work. Different crystal forms of mutant RadA arranged from the most open (left) to the most occluded (right) binding site (Marsh and Hyvonen, manuscript in preparation). Atoms involved in crystal contacts are coloured red and atoms that comprise the ligand binding site are shown in blue. The crystal symmetry mates closest to the binding sites are shown as cartoons. Space groups are indicated...

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