Multiple folding pathways

Both single and multiple folding pathways have been observed... 

Jackson GS, Hill SF, Joseph C, HosszuL, Power A, Waltho JP, Clarke AR, Collinge J (1999) Multiple folding pathways for heterologously expressed human prion protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1431 1... 

Multiple Folding Pathways Towards a Global Minimum... 

Laederach, A., Shcherbakova, I., et al. (2006). Local kinetic measures of macromolecular structure reveal partitioning among multiple parallel pathways from the earliest steps in the folding of a large RNA molecule. J. Mol. Biol. 358(4), 1179-1190. 

Bukau, B., Hesterkamp, T. and Luirink, J. (1996) Growing up in a dangerous environment a network of multiple targeting and folding pathways for nascent polypeptides in the cytosol. Trends Cell Biol. 6, 480-486. 

To see if monitoring these variables acmally yields any useful information on the folding pathway, multiple simulated annealing runs with all parameter monitoring facihties implemented were carried out on a family of vitamin D molecules (Figure 4) [23]. The classical biological responses for l,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 are now well established. The vitamin D hormone is known to mediate intestinal calcium absorption and bone calcium metabolism via its receptor. More recently, non-traditional activities have been discovered including cell differentiation and prohferation. 

In order to determine the folding pathway, it is important to examine multiple positions in a protein. This has... 

Rami, BR and Udgaonkar, JB, pH-Jump-induced folding and unfolding studies of barstar Evidence for multiple folding and unfolding pathways. Biochemistry 40 (2001) 15267-15279. 

Figure 6.5 (a) Some proteins such as barnase fold through one major pathway whereas others fold through multiple pathways. 

Weissman, J.S. All the roads lead to Rome The multiple pathways of protein folding. Chem. Biol. 2 255-260, 1995. 

The results obtained after 7-fold administration of all studied compounds, suggest that these compounds cause disturbances in the heame biosynthesis pathway changes in the activities of ALA-D and ALA-S were observed. Such results suggest the possibility of liver impairment of porphyrogenic type as a result of multiple administration of brominated compounds. 

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