Multiphotonic imaging

From these vievqjoints, we have developed a femtosecond NIR laser microscope with a home-built cavity dumped chromium forsterite (Cr F) laser as an excitation light source whose output wavelength is centered at 1260 run. In the following the set-up of the NIR laser microscope and its application to multiphoton imaging are presented. 

Bacskai, B. J., Hickey, G. A., Skoch, J. etal. Four-dimensional multiphoton imaging of brain entry, amyloid binding, and clearance of an amyloid-beta ligand in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100 12462-12467, 2003. 

In praetiee, one nses femtosecond lasers, which necessarily feature a broader spectrum the shorter the pulses are. This provides another benefit for multiphoton imaging ultrashort pulses (sub-20 femtoseconds [fs]) possess a laser bandwidth increased in such a way that several typical flurophores with different emission wavelengths can be excited at once. Usually, fluorescence signals in microscopy are recorded in a single... 

This chapter provides a synopsis of the salient host tissue responses that relate to implanted sensor performance and describes in detail the development and current adaptation of the window chamber-biosensor method to address host tissue factors. The use of normoglycemic and diabetic animal models, specifically the Syrian hamster and Fat Sand Rat, to study the role of the microvasculature on sensor function is described. Limitations of the window chamber-biosensor method are also outlined. Finally, some important and useful features of standard brightfield, fluorescence, confocal, and multiphoton imaging as they apply to the window chamber are noted. 

Boulesteix T, Pena AM, Pages N. Godeau G, Sauviat MP, Beaurepaire E, Schanne-Klein MC (2006) Micrometer scale ex vivo multiphoton imaging of unstained arterial wall structure. Cytometry A 69A 20-26... 

Pereira L, Matthes J, Schuster 1, Valdivia HH, Herzig S, Richard S, Gomez AM (2006) Mechanisms of ( a-+ (i) transient decrease in cardiomyopathy of db/db type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetes 55 608—615 Peti-Peterdi J (2005) Multiphoton imaging of renal tissues in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288 F1079-... 

B. J. Bacskai, J. Skoch, G.A. Hickey, O. Berezovska, B.T. Hyman, Multiphoton imaging in mouse models of Alzheimer s disease, Proc. SPIE, 5323, 71-76 (2004)... 

P.E. Morton, T.C. Ng, S.A. Roberts, B. Vojnovic, S.M. Ameer-Beg, Time resolved multiphoton imaging of the interaction between the PKC and NFkB signalling pathways, Proc. SPIE 5139, 216-222 (2003)... 

P. Theer, M.T. Hasan, W. Denk, Multiphoton imaging using a Ti sapphire regenerative amplifier, Proc. SPIE 5139, 1-6 (2003)... 

Of particular interest for us here is the utilisation of multiphoton processes requiring high energy pulses. Such multiphoton processes have caused much excitement in the last decade and offered novel solutions for biological and medical applications, in particular, multiphoton imaging and two-photon excited PDT (TPE PDT) [28, 29]. 

Can the two-stage mechanism for protein fouling (that has been proposed in the literature as a result of filtration data analysis) be verified through multiphoton images ... 

Likewise for cleaning are the proposed mechanisms those observed in multiphoton images ... 

Denk, W. and Svoboda, K (1997) Photon upmanship Why multiphoton imaging is more than a gimmick. Neuron, 18 (3), 351-357. 

In this chapter, we review bioimaging experiments based on lanthanide luminescence, essentially restricting ourselves to the cases dealing with lanthanide complexes and singlephoton excitation since multiphoton imaging is dealt with more completely in Chapter 5 while bioimaging with UCNPs is reviewed in Chapter 7. Literature is systematically covered up to the end of 2011 while selected newer entries are introduced in Section 4.3. 

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