Multifunctional solid catalyst active sites

Electrodes and solid catalysts applied in the synthesis of chemicals or in emission control are, generally, hierarchical systems comprising dimensions ranging from millimeter to nanometer scale, allowing for mass and heat transport within a reactor, molecular transport of reactants and products through a pore system, and chemical reactions on nanostructured, frequently multifunctional surface sites as illustrated in Figure 4.2.2. Catalyst preparation always yields a catalyst precursor, whereas the active phase is only formed in contact with the feed of the substrate molecules in... 

Immobilization of active species on a solid is a powerful tool for the realization of site isolation because it is difficult for immobilized active species to access, or interferes with each other. Immobilization of solid catalysts also allows easy recovery of the catalysts as well as their reuse, which would be a pivotal contribution to the development of economically and environment firiendly chemical processes. The use of multifunctional surfaces of solid catalysts, and some exquisite catalyst systems that combine acid and base solids, which were designed based on the concept of site isolation, have been recently demonstrated. 

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