Multicomponent electrolyte solution

Leyendekkers, J. V. "Thermodynamics of Seawater as a Multicomponent Electrolyte Solution. Part 1. Entropy,... 

Harned, H. S. Robinson, R. A. "Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions" in "The International Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Topic 15, Equilibrium Properties of Electrolyte Solutions" Vol. 2, Robinson,... 

In saline soils and soils contaminated with geothermal brines, the ionic strengths of the soil solution may exceed 0.5 M. This fact poses the necessity of using equations which have been developed to describe the activity coefficients of ions in concentrated, multicomponent electrolyte solutions. As part of a study on the chemistry of ore-forming fluids, Helgeson (50) has proposed that the true individual ion activity coefficients for ions present in small concentrations in multicomponent electrolyte solution having sodium chloride as the dominant component be approximated by a modified form of the Stokes-Robinson equation. The equation proposed is ... 

Duer W. C., Leung W. H., Oglesby G. B., and Millero F. J. (1976) Seawater. A test for multicomponent electrolyte solution theories II. Enthalpy of mixing and dilution of the major sea salts. J. Solut. Chem. 5, 509—528. 

A good approximation for the density of multicomponent electrolyte solutions can be obtained by adding the individual ionic contributions to the apparent molar volume ... 

H. S. Harned and R.A. Robinson. Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions. Oxford, UK Pergamon Press Ltd., 1968. 

Multicomponent transport properties The data base on diffusivity, transference number, and conductivity is virtually negligible for concentrated multicomponent electrolytic solutions. There are no usable predictive methods in the literature. Commercial companies cannot be expected to finance fully the depth of scholarship and level of effort needed to analyze, evaluate, anti correlate such data. 

The above experiments involve systems that are, strictly speaking, multicomponent electrolyte solutions. The theory presented in this section is thus not entirely appro-... 

Hall M.S., Lloyd D.R., Starov V.M. (1997a), Reverse osmosis of multicomponent electrolyte solutions -Part II. Experimental verification, Journal of Membrane Science, 128, 39-53. 

Multicomponent Electrolyte Solutions (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1968)... 

This book deals with the thermodynamic properties of seawater as a multicomponent electrolyte solution. Each chapter covers a thermodynamic property of seawater and its constituents. There are chapters on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, the entropy, the volume, the expansibility, and the compressibility. Included in each chapter is a discussion of the methods for calculating or estimating the desired property with tables of values of experimental and calculated properties. There are extensive references to the primary... 

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