Multianvil

Figure 6. Most commonly employed multianvil presses (a) tetrahedral, (b) cubic (c) split-sphere (d) Kawai-type (e) Dia-type.

Rubie D. C. (1999) Characterising the sample environment in multianvil high-pressure experiments. Phase Trans. 68, 431-451. 

Walker D. (1991) Lubrication, gasketing, and precision in multianvil experiments. Am. Mineral. 76, 1092-1100. 

Walker D., Carpenter M. A., and Hitch C. M. (1990) Some simplifications to multianvil devices for high pressure experiments. Am. Mineral. 75, 1020-1028. 

Uchida T., Wang Y. B., Rivers M. L., and Sutton S. R. (2001) Stability field and thermal equation of state of epsilon-iron determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a multianvil apparams. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 21799—21810. 

Fumagalli P. and Poli S. (1999) Phase relationships in hydrous peridotites at high pressure preliminary results of multianvil experiments. Periodico di Mineralogia 68, 275-286. 

S. Karato and D.C. Rubie, Toward an experimental study of deep mantle rheology A new multianvil sample assembly for deformation studies under high pressures and temperatures, J. Geophys. Res. 102(B9), pp. 20111-20122 (1997). 

Ibitira 42 Juvinas 29 Yamato-792510 172 multianvil apparatus 2,11,12,21 mosaicism 35,36... 

Figure 1.8. Cross section through the pressure cell used in multianvil experiments.

Figure 1.9. (a) Pressure release in a multianvil apparatus as function of decompression time. The shortest unloading path to ambient pressure takes about 1 s. (b) Fast unloading in a multianvil experiment with starting conditions of2400 0 and 25 GPa... 

Parise JB, Chen J (1997) Studies of ciystalhne solids at high pressure and temperature using the DIA multianvil apparatus. Eur J Solid State Inorg Chem 34 809-821 Parise JB, Coibin DR, Abrams L (1995) Stractural changes upon sorption and desorption of Xe from Cd-exchanged zeolite rho A real-time synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study. Microporous Mater 4 99-110... 

Pressures and temperatures equivalent to that at the base of the upper mantle and top of the lower mantle can be achieved with multi-anvil devices. Hall (1958) described a tetrahedral multianvil device used to generate pressures high enough to synthesize diamond. Further developments led to the octahedral multi-anvil device (Kawai and Endo, 1970), refined by many Japanese scientists (e.g., Akaogi and Akimoto,1977 Onodera, 1987 Ohtani, 1987). Walker et al. 

Mineral phases in the mantle -evidence from mineral physics The mineralogy of the mantle changes with depth as pressure increases. In the case of the shallow upper-mantle the mineralogy of the mantle is known from mantle xenoliths (see Section 3.1.1.5). The mineralogy of the deeper mantle is known from rare mineral inclusions in diamond (see Section 3.1.1.5), from experimental studies using multianvil and diamond... 

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