Multi type oxide

The XRD pattern of the catalyst. Fig. 3. can be understood as thermal treatment lead to the crystallization of the catalyst and mixture of a majority of nanocrystalline MosOu-type oxide with minor amounts of nanocrystalline M0O3 and Mo02-type material [5]. The crystallization of the catalyst takes place only in a small temperature range and above which decomposes. The FTIR pattern. Fig. 4. shows the peak at 711 cm suggests that there exits a multi phase component like Mo (or V or W)-0- Mo bond [6]. 

Fig. 2 shows the temperature as a function of irradiation time of Cu based material under microwave irradiation. CuO reached 792 K, whereas La2Cu04, CuTa20e and Cu-MOR gave only 325, 299 and 312 K, respectively. The performances of the perovskite type oxides were not very significant compared to the expectation from the paper reported by Will et al. [5]. This is probably because we used a single mode microwave oven whereas Will et al. employed multi-mode one. The multi-mode microwave oven is sometimes not very sensitive to sample s physical properties, such as electronic conductivity, crystal sizes. From the results by electric fixmace heating in Fig. 1, at least 400 K is necessary for NH3 removal. So, CuO was employed in the further experiments although other materials still reserve the possibility as active catalysts when we employ a multi-mode microwave oven. 

In technological applications, mixed, doped, or multi-metal oxides play an important role, for example, Mo-V-Te-Nb oxide [15] is used for selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid. For some complex oxides, the bulk oxide structures and distribution of phases are often unknown and there is little knowledge of the atomic surface structure and composition, extent of hydroxylation, type and density of defects, and the location of dopants (homogeneously distributed, concentrated at the surface, grain boundaries, or interfaces). 

Santhosh P, Manesh KM, Gopalan A, Lee K-P (2007) Novel amperometric carbon monoxide sensor based on multi-wedl carbon nanotubes grafted with polydiphenylamine-fabrication and performance. Sens Actuators B 125 92-99 Shai K, Wagner J (1982) Enhanced ionic conduction in dispersed solid electrolyte systems (DSES) and/or multiphase systems Agl-Al Oj, Agl-SiO, Agl-Ely ash, and Agl-AgBr. J Sohd State Chem 42 107-119 Shimizu Y, Yamashita N (2000) Solid electrolyte CO sensor using NASICON and perovskite-type oxide electrode. Sens Actuators B 64 102-106... 

A completely different approach to selective oxidation, with respect to the H2O2/TS-I systems already described, was based on depletive, or redox, systems. This approach is obtained in atmospheres lacking an oxidant in the gas phase the oxidation of the organic substrate takes place through lattice oxygen atoms of a, usually, multi-metal oxide pseudo-catalyst (or cataloreactant), via a Mars-van Krevelen type mechanism, and is followed by the re-oxidation of the reduced oxide in a separate step, spatially or temporary, thereby formally closing a catalytic cycle (Reactions 15.10 and 15.11). 

GL 27] [R 3] [P 29] By means of sulfite oxidation, the specific interfacial areas of the fluid system nitrogen/2-propanol were determined for different flow regimes [5]. For two types of micro bubble columns differing in micro-channel diameter, interfaces of 9800 and 14 800 m m , respectively, were determined (gas and liquid flow rates 270 and 22 ml h in both cases). Here, the smaller channels yield the multi-phase system with the largest interface. 

The presence of two types of catalytic centers (e.g., oxidative and reductive) in the same material can give rise to the possibility of multi-step photocatalysis in a one-pot procedure. C-C coupling, for example, is a field of great interest and a recent very good review was published [221]. C-N coupling reactions are also of interest. 

The multi-copper carrying enzyme ceruloplasmin (CP), found in large amounts in liver and nervous tissues, has been shown to convert NO to RSNOs. The proposed mechanism involves the binding of NO to the CP type I Cu-sites. The NO is then oxidized to NO+ and transferred to RS giving rise to RSNO (Innoue et al., 1999). 

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