Muller-Hartmann and

As demonstrated by Hartmann and Hahn (1962), energy-matched conditions can be created with the help of rf irradiation that generates matched effective fields (see Section IV). Although Hartmann and Hahn focused on applications in the solid state in their seminal paper, they also reported the first heteronuclear polarization-transfer experiments in the liquid state that were based on matched rf fields. A detailed analysis of heteronuclear Hartmann-Hahn transfer between scalar coupled spins was given by Muller and Ernst (1979) and by Chingas et al. (1981). Homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn transfer in liquids was first demonstrated by Braunschweiler and Ernst (1983). However, Hartmann-Hahn-type polarization-transfer experiments only found widespread application when robust multiple-pulse sequences for homonuclear and heteronuclear Hartmann-Hahn experiments became available (Bax and Davis, 1985b Shaka et al., 1988 Glaser and Drobny, 1990 Brown and Sanctuary, 1991 Ernst et al., 1991 Kadkhodaei et al., 1991) also see Sections X and XI). 

Schedletzky and Glaser, 1995, 1996). This simplified transfer function includes the special cases where = J23 = 0 (two-spin topology Hartmann and Hahn, 1962 Muller and Ernst, 1979 Braunschweiler and Ernst, 1983), (isoceles topology Listerud et al.,... 

The first heteronuclear Hartmann-Hahn transfer in the liquid state preceded the homonuclear analogs of the experiment by about two decades. In their seminal paper on nuclear double resonance in the rotating frame, Hartmann and Hahn (1962) focused on heteronuclear polarization transfer in the solid state with the help of two matched CW rf fields with However, in the same paper, Hartmann and Hahn also discussed the coherent heteronuclear transfer of polarization for pairs of /-coupled heteronuclear spins in liquids and reported polarization-transfer experiments between H and P in hypophosphorous acid. Heteronuclear Hartmann-Hahn transfer in liquids with CW irradiation was applied by several groups (Maudsley et al., 1977 Muller and Ernst, 1979 Bertrand et al., 1978a, b Murphy et al., 1979 Chingas et al., 1979a, b, 1981). A detailed analysis of the experiment was presented by Muller and Ernst (1979) and by Chingas et al. (1981). Matched CW irradiation at the... 

Experimentally determined charge relaxation rates at room temperature compared to the theoretical values (Muller-Hartmann 1981), which have been scaled by the measured spin relaxation rates References for the values of and the valence have been summarized by Zirngiebl (1986) and by Zimgiebl and Guntherodt (1990). ( A means corresponds to .)... 

The authors would like to express their gratitude to M. Barth, B. Batlogg, S. Blumenroder, H. Brenten, M. Croft, B. Hillebrands, A. Jayaraman, R. Mock, G. Pofahl, N. Stiisser and J.D. Thompson for their cooperation and participation in various stages of the experimental work. We would like to thank "Z. Tisk, T. Fulde, E. Holland-Moritz, M. Loewenhaupt, B. Luthi, E. Muller-Hartmann, P. Thalmeier, and D. Wohlleben for many stimulating discussions. 

In model calculations using, e.g., the LNCA technique in connection with the periodic Anderson model, T is most easily extracted from the width or the position of the ASR in the local one-particle spectral density (Kuramoto and Muller-Hartmann 1985, Bickers et al. 1987, Pruschke and Grewe 1989). It coincides with the Kondo temperature for an f-impurity and acquires some modest corrections for the lattice case (Grewe et al. 1988). The aforementioned characterizations of T are, to a large degree, substantiated by such calculations, too. Collective effects in heavy-fermion systems pose a much harder problem for solid state theory, which has met only partial success imtil today. 

Muller-Hartmann, E. and J. Zittartz, 1972, Solid State Commun. 11, 401. 

Fig. 65. Inelastic neutron spectra of YbAgCu4, at T = 5K with o = 50 and 12.5 meV (IN4). The spectra are fitted with the analytic function for by Kuramoto and Muller-Hartmann (eq. 28). Elastic incoherent scattering is marked by the hatched area (Severing et al. 1990a).

Kuramolo, Y., and E. Muller-Hartmann, 1985, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 52, 122. 

Muller, J.E., O. Jepsen and J.W. Wilkins, 1982, Solid State Commun. 42, 365. Muller-Hartmann, E., B. Roden and D. Wohlleben, eds, 1985, Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Valence Fluctuations, reprint from J. Magn. 4 Magn. Mater. 47448 (North-Holland, Amsterdam). Nagarajan, R., E.V. Sampathkumaran, L.C. Gupta, R. Vijayaraghavan, V. Prabhawalkar, Bhaktdarshan and B.D. Padalia, 1981a, Phys. Lett. A 84, 275. 

Schmidbaur, H., Hartmann, C., Riede, J.. Huber, B. and Muller, G. (1986) Alkylation Of Methylene-Bridged And Ylide-Bridged Binuclear Gold(III) Complexes. Organometallics, 5(8), 1652—1656. 

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