Mucosal defense, gastrointestinal

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E2 analog that exogenously replaces prostaglandin stores. The minimum effective dose shown to inhibit acid secretion and promote mucosal defense is 400 meg/day. Misoprostol use is limited by a high frequency of bothersome gastrointestinal effects such as abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea. In placebo-controlled studies diarrhea occurred with twice the frequency in the... 

Lamont, J.T. 1992. Mucus The front line of intestinal mucosal defense. In Neuro-immuno physiology of the gastrointestinal mucosa, implications for inflammatory diseases, eds. R.H. Stead, M.H. Perdue, H. Cook, D.W. Powel, and K.E. Barrett, 190. New York New York Academy of Sciences. 

Silen W. Gastric mucosal defense and repair. In Johnson LR ed.. Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 2nd ed, vol 2. New York Raven Press, 1987 1055. 

Ingestion is the primary exposure pathway for botulism. Wound botulism occurs when the bacterium encounters devitalized human tissue, synthesizes toxin, and thus causes disease. Intestinal (adult and infant types) botulism involves ingestion of spores or the live bacterium and, due to impaired intrinsic defenses, the gastrointestinal tract becomes colonized with Clostridium botulinum. In infant type, the mucosal surface of the intestines is susceptible to colonization due to multiple factors including decreased acidity of the stomach and lack of bile of acids, which are natural barriers. In adult-type intestinal botulism, patients have had surgical vagotomy/... 

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