Mouse skin system tumor induction

For example, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene is a particularly potent carcinogen for the mammary gland of young female Sprague-Dawley rats after oral or intravenous administration (25,26), dietary benzo[a]pyrene leads to leukemia, lung adenoma and stomach tumors in mice (27), and either of these hydrocarbons can induce hepatomas in male mice when injected on the first day of life (28). Nevertheless, the mouse skin system has proved to be particularly valuable because of the rapidity of tumor induction, the ease of detection of tumors and because the multi-stage nature of the carcinogenic process was experimentally established in this system. 

In the induction of skin carcinogenesis, the phorbol ester PMA was used as a potent tumor promoter in mouse skin. A NADPH oxidase system of neutrophil is dominant for O2 generating in TPA-treated mouse skin (15). ROS from leukocytes, including 0, plays an important role for continuous and excessive production of chemotactic factors, leading to chronic inflammation and hyperplasia. 

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