Motility genes

The CaR regulates numerous biological processes, including the expression of various genes (e.g., PTH) the secretion of hormones (PTH and calcitonin), cytokines (MCP-1), and calcium (e.g., into breast milk) the activities of channels (potassium channels) and transporters (aquaporin-2) cellular shape, motility (of macrophages), and migration cellular adhesion (of hematopoietic stem cells) and cellular proliferation (of colonocytes), differentiation (of keratinocytes), and apoptosis (of H-500 ley dig cancer cells) [3]. 

Phosphorylation is the reversible process of introducing a phosphate group onto a protein. Phosphorylation occurs on the hydroxyamino acids serine and threonine or on tyrosine residues targeted by Ser/Thr kinases and tyrosine kinases respectively. Dephosphorylation is catalyzed by phosphatases. Phosphorylation is a key mechanism for rapid posttranslational modulation of protein function. It is widely exploited in cellular processes to control various aspects of cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell survival, cell metabolism, cell motility, and gene transcription. 

More recent analysis of tissue specific gene deletions showed that the Cav1.2 channel is involved in a wide variety of function including hippocampal learning, insulin secretion, intestine and bladder motility. Further analysis will be required to unravel the functional significance of voltage-dependent calcium channels for specific cellular functions. 

Cox, D., Condeelis, J., Wessels, D., Soli, D., Kern, H., Knecht, D.A. (1992). Targeted disruption of the ABP-120 gene leads to cells with altered motility. J. Cell Biol. 116, 943-955. 

Titus, M.A., Wessels, D., Spudich, J.A., Soli, D. (1993). The unconventional myosin encoded by the myoA gene plays a role in Dictyostelium motility. Mol. Biol. Cell 4,233-246. 

Pablos M, Rodriguez-Calleja JM, Santos JA et al (2009) Occurrence of motile Aeromonas in municipal drinking water and distribution of genes encoding virulence factors. Int J Food Microbiol 135(2) 158-164... 

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