Morphology, studies small-angle neutron scattering

Roche and co-workers used SAXS and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to study the morphology of 1200 EW Nafion membranes in the acid and neutralized forms with a range of water contents. ... 

Small angle X-ray scattering monitoring the distribution of electron density has been used to probe resin morphology [109]. More recently contrast matched small angle neutron scattering has also been employed [110, 111]. These techniques can also be applied to wet resins and tend to probe the very low dimensions of the polymer matrix structure. More studies are needed to identify the real value of these approaches. 

Luchette, P.A., T.N. Vetman, R.S. Prosser, R.E.W. Hancock, M.P. Nieh, C.J. Glinka, S. Krueger, and J. Katsaras (2001) Morphology of fast-tumbling bicelles a small angle neutron scattering and NMR study. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1513, 83-94. 

Note that in a subsequent study a similar result of micro-/nanophase separation has been observed in block copolymers of PNIPAAM and Ai-isopropylmetAa-crylamide (PNIPMAM). This small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study used a scattering analysis with a new form factor model taking into account a nanophase separated internal morphology [50]. 

Triolo, A., Russina, O., Keiderling, U., and Kohlbrecher, J. 2006. Morphology of poly(ethylene oxide) dissolved in a room temperature ionic liquid A small angle neutron scattering study. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 1513-1515. 

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