Monophosphates, complementary

B cell bh4 bp BPI BSA C domain C1-C9 cAMP CAP CD cDNA CFU CFU-GEMM bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte tetrahydrobiopterin base pairs bactericidal/permeability-inducing protein bovine serum albumin constant domain complement components cyclic adenosine monophosphate cationic antimicrobial protein cluster of differentiation complementary deoxynucleic acid colony-forming unit granulocyte-erythroid-monocyte-megakaryocyte CFU... 

DNA polymerases have just one binding site for all four combinations of base pairing—AT, TA, GC, and CG. The specificity of these sites is dictated by the Watson-Crick pairing rules, in that the sites themselves appear to recognize just the overall shape of a correct purine-pyrimidine pair, with the precise specificity resulting from the complementary nature of the base pairing. The polymerase catalyzes the transfer of a complementary deoxynucleoside monophosphate from its triphosphate to the 3 -hydroxyl of the primer terminus (equation 14.1). 

The solution complexes of ethidium bromide with nine different deoxydinucleotides and the four self-complementary ribodinucleoside monophosphates, as well as mixtures of complementary and non-complementary deoxydinucleotides have been studied as models for binding of the solute to DNA and RNA [93]. Ethidium bromide was found to form the strongest complexes with pdC-dG and CpG, and showed a definite preference for interaction with pyrimidine-purine sequence isomers. Cooperative effects in the interaction of ethidium bromide with a number of oligonucleotides weres observed through studies of the induced CD, which was interpreted as... 

CDK2, cell division kinase 2 cDNA, complementary DNA CDP, cytidine 5 -diphosphate CDPK, Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, calmodulin domain protein kinase CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cGMP, 3, 5 -c.yclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP PDE, cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase... 

One such assay is based on the synthesis of adenosine 3 ,5 -cydic monophosphate (cAMP) by adenylate cyclase [59]. The adenylate cyclase from B. pertussis can be split into two functionally complementary fragments, T18 and T25, allowing protein dimerization to be assayed based on dimerization of T18 and T25 and reconstitution of... 

To be converted into an active compound, all the NRTIs have to be phosphorylated intracellularly to the triphosphate form via monophosphates and diphosphates. The triphosphates compete with cellular nucleotides and inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase by introducing a chain terminator into the growing complementary DNA strand during reverse transcription. However, this mechanism also occurs when human DNA is transcribed by the human DNA poljmerase. In fact, the first NRH in clinical use (zidovudine) was initially developed as an anticancer drug, targeting human DNA polymerase in cancer cells. However, aU NRTIs have higher specificity for viral reverse transcriptase than for the human DNA polymerase. 

The answer is d. (Murray, pp 435—451. Scriver, pp 3—45. Sack, pp 1-40. Wilson, pp 101-120.) DNA synthesis cannot occur until an RNA primer is made. A specific type of RNA polymerase called primase synthesizes a short stretch of RNA of about five nucleotides that is complementary to the template DNA strand in duplex DNA near the replication fork. This function cannot be carried out by DNA polymerase. In contrast, both DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase work in the 5 to 3 direction and add nucleoside monophosphates from nucleotide triphosphates to the growing polynucleotide chains of DNA or RNA. Only DNA polymerase edits as it synthesizes DNA and fills the gap between Okazaki fragments. 

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