Monolith configuration

Fig. 11.26 SOFC configuration (a) Westinghouse single tube configuration (b) Argonne multichannel monolithic configuration (c) planar configuration.

In principle, parallel connection doubles the effective oxygen ion transfer surface area when compared with series connection, since the entire geometric electrolyte surface is utilized for oxygen ion transfer. This is a consequence of the geometry of the cross-flow monolith configuration. 

Oxygen Ion Transfer Area per Unit Reactor Volume. As discussed above, the prime attraction of the cross-flow monolith configuration is its potentially high oxygen ion transfer area per unit reactor volume. From our unit cell (Figure 2), this volume-specific area computes as... 

A tandem monolithic configuration used with WO3 films being biased by a PV junction. 211... 

A monolithic configuration with a p-GaInP2 photocathode biased by a GaAs p-n junction is used. 126... 

An interesting monolithic configuration has recently been disclosed that can be suitable for three-phase processes carried out in countercurrent mode [10]. This can be particularly important for processes in which both thermodynamic and kinetic factors favor countercurrent operation, such as catalytic hydrodesulfurization. The flooding of a reactor is a considerable limitation for the countercurrent process run in conventional fixed-bed reactors. Flooding will not occur to that extent in the new monolith. A configuration of channels of the new monolith is such that subchannels open to the eentcrline are formed at the walls. The liquid flows downward, being confined in these subchannels and kept there by surface tension forces. The gas flows upward in the center of the channel. The results of studies on the new monolith concept are presented in Chapter 11 of this book. 

Table 6.9 indicates how the characteristics of the catalyst affect the type of reactor. Prefer monolithic configuration for intensification (H) with surface area/ volume usually 1.5-4 times greater than traditional pellets. The monolithic configuration is excellent for mass transfer controlled reactions. 

Model Condition Pore diffusion Monolith configuration DeNOx kinetics NHs oxidation SO2 oxidation NO2 chemistry Reference... 

The monolith configuration allows easy exportation of results obtained with similar geometry and conditions between systems with different scales. The geometry for kinetic measurements may actually be the same used in chemical processing. 

Isothermal behavior may be assured due to improved thermal control in monolith configurations. 

As far as the technological aspect of SOFCs is concerned, three main designs are presently seeing rapid development tubular, planar and monolithic configurations. The cell components in these different designs are the same except for the interconnection material, which can be ceramic or metallic ... 

A Monolith The monolith configuration is a type of tubular configuration used in inorganic membrane systems (Fig. 6.8) and comprises a ceramic support (or hexagonal log)... 

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