Monoclonal antibodies diagnostic applications

Immunoglobulins in the form of monoclonal antibodies are manufactured commercially for therapeutic and diagnostic uses. Major areas of consideration in these applications are quality control and bioactivity. Separation of immunoglobulins has proven to be a challenge even for well-established techniques such as HPLC. Difficulties arise due to the large size of antibodies and their surface properties, which increase their tendency to interact with proteins and matrix. 

An allied application of radiolabelled anti-tumour monoclonal antibodies is that of diagnostic imaging (immunoscintigraphy). In this case, the radioisotope employed must be a y-emitter (such that the radioactivity can penetrate outward through the body for detection purposes). Although various radioisotopes of iodine have been evaluated, (technetium) is the one... 

Lind P, Lechner P, Hausmann B. 1991. Development of human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) after single and repeated diagnostic application of intact murine monoclonal antibodies. Antibody Immunoconjug Radiopharm. 4 811-818. 

Monoclonal The preclinical testing strongly depends on the type of product, intended frequency antibodies of application, dose, intended clinical therapeutic or diagnostic effect and should be decided on a case by case basis. Complement-binding and cross-reactivity with human tissue should be tested. 

The following discussion is focused on in vitro applications of monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid probes as diagnostic reagents. The principles of production and characteristics of Mabs are described in Chapter 2. Their use as in vivo diagnostic imaging agents has been discussed in Chapter 3 in the context of therapeutic applications, and is not discussed further here. The principles of PCR and nucleic acid hybridization have been discussed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 4, respectively. 

Trehalose is used for the lyoprotection of therapeutic proteins, particularly for parenteral administration. Other pharmaceutically relevant applications include use as an excipient for diagnostic assay tablets for stabilization during the freeze-thaw and lyophilization of liposomes and for stabilization of blood cells,cosmetics, and monoclonal antibodies. Trehalose may also be used in formulations for topical application. ... 

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