Mono complexes aluminum

Aluminum binds to nucleoside phosphates mainly through the basic terminal phosphate groups. Nucleosides mono-, di-, and triphosphates demonstrate similar phosphate basicity. Aqueous solutions of Al3+ and nucleoside phosphates have a tendency to form ternary complexes with hydroxide in a pH-dependent manner. In addition, there is a possibility of Al3+-bridged complexes being formed. Fig. 3 shows the species distribution for the A13+-ATP system. At physiological pH the merged hydroxo mono complexes predominate [9, 18]. 

When organoaluminum hydrides react with acetylenes, a variety of products is formed not only mono- and di-addition to the triple bond, but also replacement of the ethynyl-hydrogen with removal of hydrogen, take place.254 The last of these reactions, which is a metallation, becomes the main reaction when a complex aluminum hydride MA1H4 (M = Li, Na, or K) reacts with an acetylene, so that complex acetylenylaluminates MA1(C =CR)4 can be obtained in this way.255... 

For purposes of calculations, a plagioclase of composition An2o was used. Dissolution of plagioclase may be aided by the presence of aluminum-complexing, organic agents. Acetate and malonate are used as representative mono- and dicarboxylic acid anions to complex aluminum. A hypothetical expression for the dissolution of plagioclase in the presence of acetic acid is ... 

The results of the reductions of some steroidal a,)3-unsaturated ketones have been summarized by Brown. " The carbonyl group is usually reduced to the hydrocarbon, but the behavior of the double bond depends on the structure of the compound undergoing the reduction. Cholest-4-en-3-one gives chol-est-4-ene. Addition of aluminum chloride to a solution of a 4-ene-3,6-dione followed by treatment with LiAIH4 gives the 4-ene-6-one. Steroid 4,6-dien-3-ones yield mixtures of dienes. When the ketone and double bond are in different rings the results become even more complex dienes as well as mono-enes are obtained. 

The second pathway is represented by Eqs. (8)—(11). These reactions involve reduction of the Nin halide to a Ni° complex in a manner similar to the generation of Wilke s bare nickel (37, 38) which can form a C8 bis-77-alkyl nickel (17) in the presence of butadiene [Eq. (9)]. It is reasonable to assume that in the presence of excess alkyaluminum chloride, an exchange reaction [Eq. (10)] can take place between the Cl" on the aluminum and one of the chelating 7r-allyls to form a mono-77-allylic species 18. Complex 18 is functionally the same as 16 under the catalytic reaction condition and should be able to undergo additional reaction with a coordinated ethylene to begin a catalytic cycle similar to Scheme 4 of the Rh system. The result is the formation of a 1,4-diene derivative similar to 13 and the generation of a nickel hydride which then interacts with a butadiene to form the ever-important 7r-crotyl complex [Eq. (11)]. 

The most important reactions of dicyclopentadienybron may be attributed to the aromatic behavior of cyclopentadienyl ring in the complex. Thus, the ring can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions with electrophiles to form various mono-, and disubstituted products. For example, with an equimolar of acetyl chloride and in the presence of aluminum chloride, the product is essentially monoacetylferrocene while in the presence of an excess of both of the reagents, the major product is 1,1-diacetylferrocene with a minor yield of 1,2-diacetylferrocene. 

First, 1 2 metal complexes of (mainly mono-) azo dyes, without sulfonic or carboxylic acid groups, and trivalent metals (see Section 3.11). The metals are preferably chromium and cobalt nickel, manganese, iron, or aluminum are of lesser importance. Diazo components are mainly chloro- and nitroaminophenols or amino-phenol sulfonamides coupling components are (3-naphthol, resorcinol, and 1-phe-nyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Formation of a complex from an azo dye and a metal salt generally takes place in the presence of organic solvents, such as alcohols, pyridine, or formamide. An example is C.I. Solvent Red 8, 12715 [33270-70-1] (1). 

The mono- and poly-alkylated benzenes are treated using modifications of the above procedure. Monoalkylbenzenes are added to a preformed complex of acyl halides and aluminum chloride in carbon tetrachloride (Perrier modification). In this manner, the manipulation is easier, no tars are encountered, and the yields are improved (85-90%). The procedure shows no advantage, however, in the acylation of alkoxy- or chloro-aromatic compounds. The addition of benzoyl chloride to p-alkylbenzenes in the presence of aluminum chloride in cold carbon disulfide is a good procedure for making p-alkylbenzophenones (67-87%). The condensation of homologs of benzene with oxalyl chloride under similar conditions yields p,p -di alkylbenzophenones (30-55%). Polyalkylbenzenes have been acylated with acetic anhydride and aluminum chloride (2.1 1 molar ratio) in carbon disulfide in 54-80% yields. Ferric chloride catalyst has been used under similar conditions. Acetylation of p-cymene with acetyl chloride and aluminum chloride in carbon disulfide yields 2-methyl-5-isopropylaceto-phenone (55%). ... 

Mono- and diammonium phosphate are used as solid fertilizers, whereas ammonium polyphosphate is mainly utilized in solution as a liquid fertilizer, since unlike the orthophosphates, it is very soluble and is more difficult to granulate than the orthophosphates. As a result of its complexing properties, it also keeps impurities (iron, aluminum, magnesium etc.) in solution. 

Mono-Cp titanium derivatives show reactivity as catalyst precursors for olefin polymerizations, particularly for the polymerization of styrene and functionalized monomers. A review highlighting the developments in the design and applications of non-metallocene complexes, including mono-Cp derivatives, as catalyst systems for a-olefin polymerization has appeared.440 Titanium complexes bearing Cp in addition to chloro ligands and activated by aluminum... 

HL3 and HL4 were also reacted with [Ln N(SiHMe2)2 3(THF)2] via amine elimination to form the corresponding mono(aminopyridinato) complexes (Ln = Y (14 and 15), La (16 and 17)). Complexes 14-17 are not active for the polymerization of ethylene in the presence of alkylaluminium compounds. The reactions of the mono(aminopyridinato) complexes with aluminum compounds AlEts or AIH/BU2 showed a fast aminopyridinato ligand transfer to the aluminum atom. The products of the transfer reaction are aminopyridinato-stabilized dialkylaluminium compounds. The catalytic activity was believed to be prohibited by the ligand transfer reaction (Scheme 5) [41]. 

---