Mono chloroacetal

Special amphoterics are made by condensation of ether carboxylic acids with 2-aminoethylethanolamine followed by carboxymethylation with sodium mono-chloroacetate [45]. An advantage is that these compounds have a higher salt tolerance. 

The substitution of chlorine by the direct action of bromine is rarely effected. Aluminium bromide, cupric bromide in alcoholic solution or boron tribromide under pressure, convert many alkyl chlorides into alkyl bromides. Mono-chloroacetic acid heated to 150° in a sealed tube with hydrobromic acid or potassium bromide yields mono-bromoacetic acid. 

Another example is the compound prepared by reaction of mono-chloroacetic acid, ammonium thiocyanate and aniline, which has been used for over fifty years under the name of "phenylthiohydantoic acid (XVIII). The anodic wave at pH 4—7 indicates that structure XVIII is not correct (159) and it is assumed that the compound has the structure XIX and is carbamino-thioglycolic acid anilide ... 

Mikami and Takei (80) extracted tripropyltin(IV) with acetic, mono-chloroacetic, dichloroacetic, and formic acids in carbon tetrachloride. The partition constant of the extracted species, Pr3SnA (Pr = propyl A = CH3COO , CH2C1C00, and CHCl2COO ), increased with increasing chlorine substitution of acetic acid. 

The opening of cyclohexene oxide with monochloroacetic acid is not a selective reaction bis(Zra/is-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)ether mono(chloroacetates) and trans-2-(chloroacetoxy)cyclohexanol are formed. In an aprotic solvent with benzoic acid, indene oxide gives only trans product. The reaction of oxirane with monochloroacetic acid esters is shown in Eq. 313. ... 

Merck or Mallinckrodt Reagent grade or Baker c.p. mono-chloroacetic acid was used without further purification. Distillation of the acid did not improve the yield. Baker or Mallinckrodt yellow mercuric oxide, c.p., was used. The hydroquinone may be added at this point or before the distillation. 

It is prepared by the condensation of 4-chloro-o-cresol with sodium mono-chloroacetate in alkaline aqueous solution. As the isomeric 6-chloro-o-cresol is always present as an impurity in 4-chIoro-o-cresol, the crude MCPA also contains isomeric 6-chloro-3-methylphenoxyacetic acid. 

Chloroacetic acidlf is most simply prepared by passing chlorine into a mixture of glacial acetic acid (300 g) and acetic anhydride at 105° until no more is absorbed (10-12 h) use of an efficient reflux condenser fed with ice-water is recommended. Distillation affords mono-chloroacetic acid, b.p. 185-187°, in 92-93% yield. 

The dissociation constants for tri- di- and mono-chloroacetic acids are 0.2, 0.05 and 0.0014 M, respectively. The experimental procedures and data analysis used in this study are satisfactoiy and the numerical values of the proposed equilibrium constants are therefore considered to be reliable, but are not selected since data on organic ligands are not included in the present review. However, the equilibrium constants for the weak complexes require extensive changes in the ionic medium and the observed variation in distribution coefficients could therefore also be a result of activity coefficient variations. 

The chemistry of alkali-metal tetramonocarboxylatoberyllates M2[Be(RC02)4] (M = Na, K, Rb, or Cs) has been extended to include acetate, formate, mono-chloroacetate, propionate, butyrate, and benzoate ligands. Beryllium chelates of N-substituted acetoacetamides react with N-iodosuccinimide (in CHQ3) and... 

Besides the above amine reactions for chitosan, alkylation can take place as well. However, this reaction is able to occur at both the C2 amino group and the C6 primary hydroxyl group of chitosan. Zhu et al. synthesized O-carbojymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) via the reaction of chitosan and mono-chloroacetic acid, where major carboxymethyl substitutions were located at the C6 position. The resulting materials showed better water solubility and ampholytic behavior. Beyond a critical aggregation concentration, the... 

The same process has been applied to sparingly water soluble acidic/basic solids and such a dissociative leaching has been illustrated for separation of o- and p-chlorobenzoic acid mixtures (89). Secondly, they where able to recover and separate organic acids from dilute aqueous solutions by using modified dissociation extraction (90). For instance, they employed tri-n-octylamine, dissolved in various water immiscible solvents, as an extractant the acid-amine complex is soluble in organic solvents such as xylene. Very promising results were obtained for mixtures such as acetic-acid/mono-chloroacetic acid, formic/oxalic acids etc. 

Figure 5.4 Measurement of GSSG at a gold electrode in the reductive mode (—1.1 V Ag/ AgCl) and GSH in oxidative mode (+0.8 1 vs Ag/AgCl). The same gold working electrode was used for both analytes. Eluent 0.1 mol mono-chloroacetic acid pH 3-methanol (98 + 2) Injection 2 nmol each compound.

Fig. 3 -36. Gradient elution of inorganic and organic anions on lonPac AS5A. — Eluant (A) 0.75 mmol/L NaOH, (B) 0.1 mol/L NaOH gradient 100% A isocratically for 5 min, then linearly to 30% B in 15 min, then linearly to 86% B in 15 min flow rate 1 mL/min detection suppressed conductivity injection volume 50 pL solute concentrations 1.5 mg/L fluoride (1), 10 mg/L each of acetate (2), a-hydroxybutyrate (3), butyrate (4), glycolate (5), gluconate (6), and a-hydroxyvalerate (7), 5 mg/L formate (8), 10 mg/L each of valerate (9), pyruvate (10), mono-chloroacetate (11), and bromate (12), 3 mg/L chloride (13), 10 mg/L galacturonate (14), 5 mg/L nitrite (15), 10 mg/L each of glucoronate (16), dichloroacetate (17), trifluoroacetate (18), phosphite (19), selenite (20), bromide (21), nitrate (22), sulfate (23), oxalate (24), selenate (25), a-ketoglutarate (26), fumarate (27), phthalate (28), oxaloacetate (29), phosphate (30), arsenate (31), chromate (32), citrate (33), isocitrate (34), c/s-aconitate (35), and frans-aconitate (36).

It should be noted that CNS ions are also removed by means of mono-chloroacetate. 

To further test the removal efficiency of the membrane for chloroform and mono-chloroacetic acid, denser membranes of thickness 0.6 mm were prepared. The concentration of chloroform and monochloroacetic acid was also reduced to 20 mg/L. The rejection of the species using membranes produced by carbonization conditions (CC-1) and (CC-11) are shown in Fig. 8.49. 

Preparation by Fries rearrangement of pyrocatechol mono-chloroacetate with aluminium chloride in nitrobenzene at 100° (60%) [4594] or without solvent at 100° (25%) [4595]. 

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