Monitoring pharmacokinetics principles

Therapeutic drug monitoring The process of using drug concentrations, pharmacokinetic principles, and pharmacodynamic criteria to optimize drug therapy in individual patients. 

M Mayersohn. Special pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly. In WE Evans, JJ Schentag, WJ Jusko, eds. Applied Pharmacokinetics Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 3rd ed. Vancouver, WA Applied Therapeutics, 1992, pp. 9-1-9-43. 

Milsap, R.L. and Szefler, S.J. (1986) Special pharmacokinetic considerations in children. In Evans, W.E., Schentag, J.J., and Jusko, W.J., eds. Applied Pharmacokinetics. Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Spokane, WA Applied Therapeutics, Inc., pp. 294-330. 

MacKichan JJ. Influence of protein binding and use of unbound (free) drug concentrations. In Evans WE, Schentag JJ, Jusko WJ, editors. Applied pharmacokinetics Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. 3rd ed. Vancouver, WA Applied Therapeutics Inc. 1992. p. 5-1-5-48. 

Clinical pharmacokinetics began to be recognized in the 1970s, especially in two papers by Gibaldi and Levy, Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Practice, in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1976 (25). Of further importance that same year was a paper by Koup et al. (26) on a system for the monitoring and dosing of theophylline based on pharmacokinetic principles. 

Data from Reuning RH, Geraets DR, Rood ML, Vlasses PH. Digoxin. In Evans WE, Schentag JJ, jusko WJ, eds. Applied Pharmacokinetics Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 3d ed. Spokane, WA, Applied Therapeutics, 1992 20-1-20-48. 

Matzke GR, Comstock TJ. Influence of renal disease and dialysis on pharmacokinetics. In Applied Pharmacokinetics Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 4th ed. Evans WE, Schentag 11, Burton ME (eds.). Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005. 

Burton ME, Shaw LM, Schentag JJ, Evans WE, editors. Applied pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics, principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. Baltimore (MD) Lippincott Williams Wilkins 2006. 

ASHP Statement A declaration and explanation of basic philosophy or principle, as approved by the Board of Directors and the House of Delegates. ASHP Statements cover such topics as the pharmacist s role in clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring, infection control, and primary care. 

Fig. 1. Overview of pharmacology. Pharmacokinetics (PK) relates to the effect of the body on the drug and principally includes bioavailability, distribution, and clearance. Pharmacodynamics (PD) relates to drug concentration and receptor availability. The response to drug concentrations may be therapeutic, subtherapeutic, or toxic, depending on considerations involving both PK and PD principles. From Linder MW, Valdes R Jr. Pharmacogenetics fundamentals and applications. Therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicology. AACC 1999 20(l) 10 with permission.)...

Colhns JM. Pharmacokinetics and chnical monitoring. In Chabner BA, Longo DL, eds. Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1996 17—29. 

Burton, M. E., Shaw, L. M., Schentag, J. J., Evans, W. E. (2005). Applied Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 

Jusko W J (2005). Guidelines for collection and analysis of pharmacokinetic data. In M Leslie, J J Schentag, W E Evans, et al. (eds.). Applied Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Applied Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, Canada, Chapter 2. 

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