Molybdenum serum level

Workers at a molybdenum-roasting plant with time-weighted average (TWA) exposures of approximately 9.5mgMo/m to soluble dusts had increased plasma and urine levels of molybdenum the only adverse biochemical findings were large elevations in serum ceruloplasmin levels and some increase in serum uric acid levels. ... 

Elevated levels of chromium in blood, serum, urine, and other tissues and organs have been observed in patients with cobalt-chromium knee and hip arthroplasts (Michel et al. 1987 Sunderman et al. 1989). Whether corrosion or wear of the implant can release chromium (or other metal components) into the systemic circulation depends on the nature of the device. In one study, the mean postoperative blood and urine levels of chromium of nine patients with total hip replacements made from a cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy were 3.9 and 6.2 pg/F, respectively, compared with preoperative blood and urine levels of 1.4 and 0.4 pg/F, respectively. High blood and urinary levels of chromium persisted when measured at intervals over a year or more after surgery. These data suggest significant wear or corrosion... 

Biological fluids such as serum or plasma, red blood cells, and urine are particularly diflBcult to analyze. The low molybdenum concentrations found in normal human samples are below the detection limit of the thiocyanate colorimetric method (100 ng) and much below conventional flame absorption spectroscopy (1 /xg). Normal blood levels of molybdenum are about 10 /xg/L and sample volume is usually < 1 mL. The low concentration and limited sample size preclude direct analysis or sample preconcentration for analysis by the conventional analytical methods. 

In summary, a method for the analysis of molybdenum in biological fluids has been presented. The method requires the destruction of the organic materials in the sample by low-temperature ashing. Detection was accomplished by using a graphite furnace—atomic absorption technique and the standard additions method. The method is sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between molybdenum levels in the blood, serum, and urine from exposed and unexposed individuals. 

The liver can be affected to varying degrees by excessive intake of molybdenum. Significantly elevated levels of serum bilirubin were observed in dogs receiving 20 mg kg of ammonium molybdate in... 

To summarize, molybdenum toxicity in animals includes anemia, anorexia, profound diarrhea, joint abnormalities, osteoporosis, hair discoloration, reduced sexual activity, and death (Table 18.10). Diets which are low in sulfate and copper enhance the toxicity of molybdenum. A high molybdenum intake also decreased feed intake by cattle and pigs, while molybdenum levels in the serum, hair, ribs, kidneys, and cerebrum reflect significant intake of the... 

Yet, apart from raised serum molybdenum levels, these people also had increased XDH activity and uric acid levels in the blood. Symptoms of gout which were associated with higher blood levels of uric acid were identified in the majority of people examined. 

In humans, a high incidence of gout has been associated with abnormally high molybdenum concentrations in the soils and plants of Armenia [42]. Humans and livestock exposed to these high molybdenum intakes (10-15 mg/day in humans) displayed abnormally high levels of uric acid in serum and tissue xanthine oxidase activities. Increases in uric acid excretion were noted in some individuals but not when diets supplied less molybdenum (<1.5 mg/day). 

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