Molten stack gases

Roughly two-thirds of the molten sulfur produced is sent to sulfur storage in the sulfur-pit, and one-third is burned in a furnace to generate the SO2 required for the process. Sulfur is fed to the furnace in excess of the stoichiometric amount for oxidation to SO2 to assure that there is no formation of SO3. The excess sulfur is condensed in an economizer and recycled to the furnace. The heat of combustion is recovered in a waste-heat boiler. Combustion gas from the furnace is fed to the bottom of the SO2 absorber. The acid gas is scrubbed with lean solvent, as indicated earlier. The SO2 content of the furnace stack gas is reduced to less than 1 ppm while generating an 8.2 wt% solution of SO2. 

D. Rastler, EPRI, G. Devore, Destec Engineering, R. Castle, Haldor Topsoe, C. Chi, ERC, "Demonstration of a Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack on Coal-Derived Gas," in Fuel Cell Seminar. "Effects of Coal-Derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells," Topical Report prepared by Energy Research Corporation for US DOE/METC, DOE/MC/25009-T26, October, 1991. 

Hirata, H. and Hori, M. (1996) Gas-flow uniformity and cell performance in a molten carbonate fuel cell stack, Journal of Power Sources 63, 115-120. 

Watanabe, T., and Abe, T. (1998) Numerical analyses of the internal conditions of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack comparison of stack performances for various gas flow types. J. Power Sources, 71 (1-2), 328-336. 

Yoshiba, F., Ono, N., Izaki, Y., Watanabe, T., and Abe, T. (1998) Numerical analyses of the internal conditions of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack comparison of stack performances for various gas flow types. J. Power Sources, 71 (1-2), 328 336. Yoshiba, F., Abe, T., and Watanabe, T. (2000) Numerical analysis of molten carbonate fuel cell stack performance diagnosis of internal conditions using cell voltage profiles, f. Power Sources, 87 (1-2), 21-27. 

Verda and Nicolin (2010) consider a biogas-fueled power generation. The system is based on a molten cmbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack integrated with a micro-gas torbine for electricity generation, coupled with a pressure sawing... 

Fuel cell developers have for many years known that the heat required to sustain the endothermic reforming of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (e.g. natural gas) can be provided by the electrochemical reaction in the stack. This has led to various elegant internal reforming concepts that have been applied to the molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cells, on account of their high operating temperatures. 

---