Carbonate stack gases, molten

D. Rastler, EPRI, G. Devore, Destec Engineering, R. Castle, Haldor Topsoe, C. Chi, ERC, "Demonstration of a Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack on Coal-Derived Gas," in Fuel Cell Seminar. "Effects of Coal-Derived Trace Species on the Performance of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells," Topical Report prepared by Energy Research Corporation for US DOE/METC, DOE/MC/25009-T26, October, 1991. 

Hirata, H. and Hori, M. (1996) Gas-flow uniformity and cell performance in a molten carbonate fuel cell stack, Journal of Power Sources 63, 115-120. 

Watanabe, T., and Abe, T. (1998) Numerical analyses of the internal conditions of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack comparison of stack performances for various gas flow types. J. Power Sources, 71 (1-2), 328-336. 

Yoshiba, F., Ono, N., Izaki, Y., Watanabe, T., and Abe, T. (1998) Numerical analyses of the internal conditions of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack comparison of stack performances for various gas flow types. J. Power Sources, 71 (1-2), 328 336. Yoshiba, F., Abe, T., and Watanabe, T. (2000) Numerical analysis of molten carbonate fuel cell stack performance diagnosis of internal conditions using cell voltage profiles, f. Power Sources, 87 (1-2), 21-27. 

Fuel cell developers have for many years known that the heat required to sustain the endothermic reforming of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (e.g. natural gas) can be provided by the electrochemical reaction in the stack. This has led to various elegant internal reforming concepts that have been applied to the molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cells, on account of their high operating temperatures. 

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