Molinate selection

Apparatus for carrying out hydrogenation at several atmospheres can be constructed readily (1,78,93), but there seems little point in this exercise since good commercial equipment is available. The most commonly used commercial low-pressure equipment is the Parr hydrogenator (manufactured by Parr Instrument Co., Moline, Illinois). This equipment (Fig. 1) has withstood the test of time it was first described in 1922 and offered commercially in 1926. It comes in two sizes one for 500-ml reactor bottles and one for 1000-and 2000-ml reactor bottles. Specially made smaller bottles, down to 50 ml, can be used also but require special holders to compensate for differences in bottle heights. Shaker bottles should not be more than half full to ensure good mixing, a consideration in selection of bottle size. 

Ferrando, M.D., E. Sancho, and E. Andreu-Moliner. 1991. Comparative acute toxicities of selected pesticides to Anguilla anguilla. Jour. Environ. Sci. Health B26 491-498. 

Marti S, J Andres, V Moliner, E Silla, I Tunon, J Bertran (2001) Transition structure selectivity in enzyme catalysis a QM/MM study of chorismate mutase. Theor. Chem. Acc. 105 (3) 207-212... 

Molinate is a selective thiocarbamate herbicide used to control broad-leaf and grassy plants primarily in rice production. Molinate is available in granular and emulsifiable liquid formulations. Recently, US manufacturers of molinate have requested voluntary cancellation of all uses of molinate by 2009. 

Reproductive effects of molinate may depend on inhibition of neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase, leading to disruption of mobilization of cholesterol from high-density lipoprotein, a process selective for... 

We have already made the point that the chromatogram carries a much higher information load than the absorbance value - this is certainly true for molinate which chromatographs well and responds with high sensitivity to both N- and S- selective GC detectors and to GC-MS in the selective ion mode. 

Bricca, G., Dontenwill, M., Molines, A., Feldman, J., Tibiriga, E., Belcourt, A., Bousquet, P., 1989. Rilmenidine selectivity for imidazoline receptors in human brain. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 163, 373-377. 

Debrauwer, L., Rathahao, E., Jouanin, I., Paris, A., Clodic, G., Molines, H., Convert, O., Fournier, F., and Tabet, J.C. (2003) Investigation of the regio- and stereo-selectivity of deoxyguanosine linkage to deuterated 2-hydroxyestradiol by using liquid chromatography/ESI-ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 14, 364-372. 

Molinate is a selective pre- and postemergence soil herbicide mainly for the control of grass weeds and particularly for Echinocloa spp. (Smith and Fox, 1965). It is applied either before planting to water-seeded or shallow soil-seeded rice, or post flood on other types of rice culture. Applied at its recommended rate of 2-4 kg active ingredient/ha, its action lasts over the whole crop period (Swain, 1974). 

Moliner M, Franch C, Palomares E et al (2012) Cu-SSZ-39, an active and hydrothermally stable catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx, Chemical Communications 48 8264-8266... 

Molinate is a selective herbicide that is applied in rice cultures against barnyard grass Echinocloa spp.). The dissipation and degradation of molinate in soil samples under nonflooded and flooded conditions was studied. Its dissipation seems much quicker from flooded soil than from moist soil, and only small amounts of breakdown products of molinate were observable under flooded conditions. 

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