Nitrophenols, molecularly related

As Table I illustrates, the chemical classes represented by the pesticides studied include thiophosphates [0,0-diethyl-o-p-nitrophenyl phos-phorothioate], carbamates [1-naphthyI-N-methylcarbamate], dinitrophe-nols [2,4-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol and 2,4-dinitro-o-cyclohexylphenol], and chlorophenoxy acids [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid]. In addition, a number of molecularly related nitrophenols have been studied to establish the effects of molecular geometry and substituent groups on adsorption of pesticide-type materials. 

Table I. Selected Organic Pesticides and Some Molecularly Related Nitrophenols...

Molecularly Related Nitrophenols. To define more explicitly the relative influences of molecular structure and hydrophobic character upon rate of adsorption of pesticide materials by porous carbon, a number of pure dinitrophenols molecularly related to DNOSBP and DNOCHP have been studied. The molecular structures of DNOSBP, DNOCHP and the molecularly related dinitrophenols—DNP, DNC, DNT, and DNPCHP —are illustrated in Figure 5. 

Bipyridine and 4,4 -bipyridine form molecular complexes with halo-genated nitrophenols." " The former also complexes with urea, thiourea and related compounds," benzyl alcohol, phenol," acetic... 

The use of an atomic emission detector (AED) coupled to a GC may provide under ideal conditions information about the empirical formula of the analyte corresponding to a GC peak. However, it was found that the AED responses of C, Cl and O of a series of phenols is related to the working condition of the AED. The elemental response of Cl is independent of molecular structure, but those of C and O are not, probably due to formation of CO in the plasma. The O response is also affected in nitrophenols, probably due to NO2 formation. A novel detector, based upon hyperthermal negative surface ionization, shows up to 100-fold higher sensitivity than that of the FID for alcohols and phenolic compounds. ... 

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