Moisture bulking agents

When soil contamination extends to some depth it may be preferable to excavate the contaminated soil and put it into biopiles where oxygen, nutrient and moisture levels are more easily controlled. Composting by the addition of readily degradable bulking agents is also a useful option for relatively small volumes of excavated contaminated soil,... 

Fakes et al. [1.152] evaluated the moisture sorption behavior of mannitol, anhydrous lactose, sucrose, D-(+)-trehalose, dextran 40 and povidine (PVP K24) as bulking agents. Mannitol was found to be crystalline and non-hygroscopic before and after freeze-drying with RM 0.1-0.3% w/w at 25 °C and 10-60% RH. Anhydrous lactose, sucrose and trehalose were crystalline and relatively non-hygroscopic with RM 0.86, 0.15 and 9.2% respectively. After freeze-drying they where amorphous with RM 1.6, 2.5 and 1.2%, respectively, and adsorbed moisture in an increasing RH atmosphere. Lactose adsorbed 10% water and formed its crystalline hydrate at 55% RH. 

Fakes, M.G., Dali, M.V., Haby,Th.A., Morris, K.R., Varia, S.A., Serajuddin, A.T.M. Moisture sorption behavior of selected bulking agents used in lyophilized products. PDAJ. Pharm. 

More recently, Norimoto et al. [46] reported that etherification with PO and BO, in which the hydrophilic nature of the bulking agent is not counterbalanced by crosslinking, yielded high ASE values but increased mechanosorp-tive creep induced by moisture changes under load. 

The addition of nonlipid fillers or bulking agents to improve the functional properties of edible moisture barrier (viscosity, adherence on substrate) is more frequent in commercial and patented coatings/films than in scientific literature. Indeed, in commercial references the barriers are often tested on the product to protect. Formulations are thus developed to try to adjust the viscosity of the coating and its mechanical properties in order to obtain a good adherence and protection to the coated product. 

The surrounding medium and its complex cohort of bulking agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers, antioxidants, cryoprotectors, moisture-buffering agents. 

Antistatic agents require ambient moisture to function. Consequently their effectiveness is dependent on the relative humidity. They provide a broad range of protection at 50% relative humidity. Much below 20% relative humidity, only materials which provide a conductive path through the bulk of the plastic to ground (such as carbon black) will reduce electrostatic charging. 

Large quantities of evaporated milk are used to manufacture ice cream, bakery products, and confectionery products (see Bakery processes and LEAVENING agents). When used for manufacturing other foods, evaporated milk is not sterilized, but placed in bulk containers, refrigerated, and used fresh. This product is caHed condensed milk. Skimmed milk may be used as a feedstock to produce evaporated skimmed milk. The moisture content of other Hquid milk products can be reduced by evaporation to produce condensed whey, condensed buttermilk, and concentrated sour milk. 

The specific conductance of the finish on the filament k is not necessarily the specific conductance it exhibits in its bulk condition. For instance, absorption of ions from the finish by the fiber can reduce the conductivity. The specific conductance greatiy depends on the amount of moisture present. Figure 4a shows the experimentally observed resistance of yam as a function of the amount of antistatic agent appHed in comparison to the calculated resistance. Below 0.05% of antistatic agent the experimental values show a lower conductivity than calculated this may be due to a lack of continuity of the antistatic agent. 

---