Modern Theories of Chemistry

Modern Theories of Chemistry. 5th ed. London Longmans, Green and Co., 1888. 

Lothar Meyer, Modern Theories of Chemistry, 1888, 252f. Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry, 1899, 153 Ostwald, Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chemie, 1910, 1, 330,... 

When the Traite appeared the antiphlogistic theory was widely accepted. In a memoir on fermentation, apparently written about 1788 but not published, Lavoisier said he learned from correspondence that the modern theory of chemistry, which I venture to call mine la mienne italics in original] , was gaining converts among the majority of the most celebrated physicists and chemists of Europe. 

As we saw in Chapter 3, the founding text of modern materials science was Frederick Seitz s The Modern Theory of Solids (1940) an updated version of this, also very influential in its day, was Charles Wert and Robb Thomson s Physies of Solids (1964). Alan Cottrell s Theoretical Structural Metallurgy appeared in 1948 (see Chapter 5) although devoted to metals, this book was in many ways a true precursor of materials science texts. Richard Weiss brought out Solid State Physics for Metallurgists in 1963. Several books such as Properties of Matter (1970), by Mendoza and Flowers, were on the borders of physics and materials science. Another key precursor book, still cited today, was Darken and Gurry s book. Physical Chemistry of Metals (1953), followed by Swalin s Thermodynamics of Solids. 

H. B. Watson, Modern Theories of Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1941, p. 241. 

The modern theory of the electronic structure of the atom is based on experimental observations of the interaction of electricity with matter, studies of electron beams (cathode rays), studies of radioactivity, studies of the distribution of the energy emitted by hot solids, and studies of the wavelengths of light emitted by incandescent gases. A complete discussion of the experimental evidence for the modern theory of atomic structure is beyond the scope of this book. In this chapter only the results of the theoretical treatment will be described, These results will have to be memorized as rules of the game, but they will be used so extensively throughout the general chemistry course that the notation used will soon become familiar. 

Professor Meyer was born at Dorpat, Estonia, on September 29, 1883, the elder son of Hans Horst Meyer—who held the chair of experimental pharmacology at the University of Vienna and formulated the modern theory of narcosis known as the Overton-Meyer theory. Two years later, his father became professor at Marburg/Lahn, and it was in this city that Kurt H. Meyer had his early education. The scholarly atmosphere in which he matured, where chemistry and medicine were always very much in the foreground, was to influence him throughout his lifetime. From his father, he inherited his desire for scientific study and research, and from his mother, his taste for the fine arts. His younger brother became a famous heart-surgeon. 

G. K. Branch and M. Calvin, The Theory of Organic Chemistry, Prentice-HaU, New York, 1941, p. 211 R. W. Taft, in Steric Effects in Organic Chemistry (Ed. M. S. Newman), Wiley, New York, 1956, p. 556 H. B. Watson, Modern Theories of Organic Chemistry, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1937, p. 40 A. E. Remick, Electronic Interpretations of Organic Chemistry 2nd edn., Wiley, New York, 1949, p. 93. 

Whitmore, M. D. and Noolandi, J. (1990). Journal of Chemical Physics, 93, 2946. Yamakawa, H. (1971). Modern theory of polymer solutions. Harper and Row, New York. Yang, Y.-W. (1996), Ph.D. thesis. Department of Chemistry. University of Manchester, Manchester. 

H. Yamakawa, Modern theory of polymer solutions, Harper s Chemistry Series, Harper and Row, New York (1971). 

The idea of the existence of a boundary between reactants and products can be traced to the scientific memoirs of Marcelin published in 1915 [26], It was not until 1931 that this idea began to percolate into the thinking of the chemistry community. In that year Eyring and Polanyi published their seminal article on the calculation of the absolute reaction rate for the collinear H + H2 reaction [27], It was in this article, which must be viewed as the origin of the modern theory of chemical reactions, that the concept of a TS separating reactants from products is first quantified. They defined it in terms of the morphology of the potential energy surface. 

One of the most striking things about the chemistry of the elements is the periodic repetition of properties. There are several groups of elements that show great similarities in chemical behavior. As we saw in Chapter 2, these similarities led to the development of the periodic table of the elements. In this chapter we will see that the modern theory of atomic structure accounts for periodicity in terms of the electron arrangements in atoms. 

Manichean Dualism and Cognitive Inversion The teleological orientation of the positivist-Whig historiography is immediately evident in the idea of the Chemical Revolution as the origins of modern chemistry, as the originary moment in the exfoliation of the facts, theories and methods to be found in modern textbooks of chemistry. Thus James R. Partington claimed in 1937 that Lavoisier s Traite read like a rather old edition of a... 

In particular, the authors endeavoured to present old and new results within the same scope thereby extending the work of their predecessors. This book is thus linked to Polymer Chemistry by Paul Flory, to Modern Theory of Polymers by Hiromi Yamakawa, and naturally to Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics by Pierre Gilles de Gennes. 

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