Modelling, membrane technology

Kaaeid Lokhandwala of Membrane Technology and Research, Inc., Menlo Park, California provided guidance and the results of calculations for several cases, which served as the model for all other calculations reported here. Kathleen Jelliffe provided graphics for the oral presentation of this chapter. 

Pertinent to the understanding of the operation of an RO system is the fundamental knowledge of various theoretical models describing movement of solutes and water through an RO membrane. By understanding how solutes and water are transported through membranes, appropriate modifications can be made to the membrane polymers to improve performance (flux and rejection). See the book by Richard Baker, Membrane Technology and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley Sons, 2004) for more detail about the history and development of membrane and transport models. 

Marr R and Kopp A. Liquid membrane technology—a survey of phenomena, mechanisms, and models. Int Chem Eng 1982 22 44—60. 

Duranceau S.J., Taylor J.S. (1993), Solute charge and molecular weight modeling for prediction of solute mass transfer coefficients, Proc. of AWWA Membrane Technology Conf., Baltimore, Aug 93,243-249. 

Hofman J.A.M.H., Beerendonk E.F., Kruithof J.C. (1995), Modelling of the rejection of organic micropollutants by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis systems, Proc. AWWA Membrane Technology Conf, Reno, Nevada, Aug 95, 733-746. 

Tu S.-C., Ravindran V, Badtiyha B.N., Pirbazari M. (1997), A membrane transport model for predicting permeate flux in nanofiltration processes, Proc. AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, New Orleans, Feb. 97, 487-498. 

FIGURE 23.11 Conventional refining process and the model proposed for refining by membrane technology. (Adapted from Snape, J.B. and Nakajima, M., J. Food Eng., 30, 1, 1996.)... 

Naessens, W., Maere, T., Nopens, L, Critical review of membrane bioreactor models—Rart 1 Biokinetic and filtration models. Bioresource Technology 2012, 122, 95-106. 

Volume 1 covers fluid dynamics, modelling, mixing of one-phase and dispersed two-phase systems, heat and mass transfer. One chapter is concerned about purification and separation focusing on extraction, membrane technology, and capillary electrochromatography. This is rounded off by a description on microstructured reactors and their engineering/design for various applications. 

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