Mixtures characteristic patterns

For identification of AEC, two different strategies for substance-specific identification are amenable in API-FIA-MS-MS [22]. The application of CID in the positive mode led to a destructive ionisation that resulted in the loss of C02, as also observed with other anionic AE derivatives. Under these conditions, the precursor parent ions from a commercial blend subjected to API-CID(+) resulted in a characteristic pattern of product ions containing alkyl as well as ethoxy fragments (m/z 57, 71 and 113 or 89, 133 and 177) slightly different from MS-MS(+) spectra observed with conventional AE compounds. Nevertheless, the presence of AE compounds was imagined because of decarboxylation of AEC. Therefore, the analysis of the mixture of AECs was performed in the ESI-LC-MS-MS mode because of interferences of AE in FIA mode. The ESI-LC-MS-MS(+) spectrum of the decarboxylated parent ion at m/z 558 ([C8H17-0-(CH2-CH2-0)9-CH2-H NH4]+) as also observed... 

Fig. 1 shows the X-Ray diffimction patterns of the mixture of the MSA with added M0O3, the M0O3/MSA samples prepared at two different pH values and the MSA support. The patterns of the sample prepared at pH=6 showed the lines characteristic for the presence of bulk M0O3, similarly as in the physical mixture. The patterns of the sample prepared at pH=9 are free of them and are similar to those of the support. This result shows that the M0O3 phase was obviously better dispersed over the MSA in the sample prepared in the basic impregnation solution. 

Raw X-ray diffraction data, either digital or acquired on a strip recorder, are used make mineral identifications as summarized above. Whole sample data collected from random powder mounts are compared to patterns of known minerals either manually or using a computer search-match program such as /zPDSM (Marquart, 1986). Because each component in a mixture of crystalline materials produces its own characteristic pattern that is independent of others, the identification process becomes one of simply unscrambling the superposed patterns. 

There is evidence [74—77] that gas-dynamic processes behind the pressure perturbation penetrating into curved ducts or reflecting from non-planar end elements affect explosion phenomena. For these observations some highly reactive stoichiometric mixtures (characteristic time of their chemical reactions and the reaction zones are much less than for gas-dynamic processes) have been used. It reduces the complete pattern of probable interaction regimes and does not allow... 

In Chap. 5 the available data related to flow and heat transfer of a gas-liquid mixture in single and parallel channels of different size and shape are presented. These data concern flow regimes, void fraction, pressure drop and heat transfer. The effects of different parameters on flow patterns and hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of gas-liquid flow are discussed. 

The NMR characteristics of the bromonium ion triflate prove to be interesting in that the proton NMR spectrum of a 1 1 mixture of parent olefin and bromonium ion at room temperature is an average of those of the two isolated species. This suggests that there is a rapid site exchange of the Br+ between the ion and olefin. The phenomenon can be most simply studied by NMR spectroscopy. An approximately 100 mM solution of the ion in CD2C12 held at - 80°C was treated with small aliquots of Ad=Ad, the NMR spectrum was monitored after each addition. At zero added Ad=Ad, the spectrum of the ion consists of a seven line pattern indicative of a species (eqn. 3, 5a) having two perpendicular planes of symmetry that pass, respectively, through the three heavy atoms of the bromonium... 

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