Mixing-Sensitive Homogeneous Reactions

Diazo coupling between 1-naphthol and diazotized sulfanilic acid 

Simultaneous diazo coupling between 1- and 2-naphthols and diazotized sulfanilic acid 

Competitive neutralization of hydrochloric acid and alkaline hydrolysis of monochloroacetate esters with sodinm hydroxide 

Competitive neutralization of sodinm hydroxide and acid hydrolysis of 2,2-dimethoxypropane with hydrochloric acid 

Some of the key features of these reactions are snnunarized in Table 13-4. A case study from an industrial application follows. 

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REACTOR DESIGN FOR MIXING-SENSITIVE HOMOGENOUS REACTIONS... 

Simple Guidelines for Scale-Up of Mixing-Sensitive Homogenous Reactions... 

Laboratory studies of mixing-sensitive homogenous reactions have been done by many investigators using the four reactions that are known as the Bourne Reactions. These studies and others fleshed out the previous theoretical predictions and established... 

Reactor Design for Mixing-Sensitive Homogeneous Reactions... 

Unlike homogeneous reactions, even in the laboratory, overall reaction time can have an effect on yield that is caused by the effect of mixing on mass transfer rate if there are parallel reactions in the continuous phase or in the films between phases. With slower mass transfer, these reactions have longer to generate by-products—often decomposition products—so that time of reaction is important on all scales. Determination of this possibility must be included in the experimental plan. Increased amounts of S and other by-products for longer overall reaction times would indicate this sensitivity to mass transfer rate. 

If the whole semiconductor/electrolyte interface is illuminated uniformly, both conjugate reactions proceed at the same rate over the same areas on the interface. The stationary potential of an illuminated semiconductor is thus a mixed potential. If the surface of a semiconductor, homogeneous in its composition and properties, is illuminated nonuniformly, in the illuminated and nonillumi-nated areas conditions will not be identical for electrochemical reactions. Here the conjugate reactions appear to be spatially separated, so that we can speak about local anodes and cathodes. This situation is deliberately created, for example, for selective light-sensitive etching of semiconductors (see Section V.2). 

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