Mitochondrial targeting signals

Prediction of mitochondrial targeting signals is not an easy task. The proposed amphiphilic nature is not clear enough. Nakai and Kanehisa (1992) developed a simple method based on the amino acid composition of the segment of most amino-terminal 20 residues. In addition, a simple rule to discriminate the bipartite signal of intermembrane-space proteins was also included in PSORT. 

Fujiwara et al. (1997) proposed an HMM that can detect mitochondrial targeting signals. The HMM was automatically created to best explain the training data. Although it could model the signals in the training data, further analysis using more data is desirable because the model has many numeric parameters. 

Fujiwara, Y., Asogawa, M., and Nakai, K. (1997). Prediction of mitochondrial targeting signals using hidden Markov models. In Genome Informatics 53-60. Miyano, S., and Takagi, T. (eds.) Genome Informatics 1997 Universal Academy Press, Inc. Tokyo, Japan. 

Lee, E.-W., Lai, Y, Zhang, H. and Unadkat, J.D. (2006) Identification of the mitochondrial targeting signal of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENTl) Implications for interspecies differences in mitochondrial toxicity of fialuridine. The Journal of Biologiccd Chemistry, 281 (24), 16700-16706. 

The early observation that amino-terminal sequences rich in hydroxylated and basic amino acids reminiscent of mitochondrial targeting signals were present in the conceptually translated products of the E. histolytica genes encoding mitochondrial-marker proteins Cpn60 and PNT provided the first... 

Horner DS, Heil B, Happe T, Embley TM (2002) Iron hydrogenases - ancient enzymes in modern eukaryotes. Trends Biochem Sci 27 148-153 Jarvis JA, Ryan MT, Hoogenraad NJ, Craik DJ, Hoj PB (1995) Solution structure of the acety-lated and noncleavable mitochondrial targeting signal of rat chaperonin 10. J Biol Chem 270 1323-1331... 

N-terminal signal peptide Mitochondrial-targeting signal... 

Lee E-W, Lai Y, Zhang H, Unadkat JD. Identification of the mitochondrial targeting signal of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENTl) implications... 

Hurt, E. Schatz, G. (1987) Nature 325, 499-452 A eytosolie protein contains a cryptic mitochondrial targeting signal. 

It has recently been demonstrated that processing of P450 IBl by a cytosolic serine protease activates a mitochondrial-targeting signal of P450 IBl and leads to mitochondrial localization and activity, where functional activity results from coupling with the adrenodoxin electron delivery system [340]. 

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