Miscellaneous Well Components

Sample taps include a raw water sample tap, which is located before any storage or treatment to permit sampling of the water directly from the well, and an entry point sample tap, which is located after treatment. 

Control valves isolate the well for testing or maintenance or to control water flow. 

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In flame retarding nonwovens, the contribution of components may not be additive. Rather, the interaction of binder, flame retardant, and substrate is critical in the performance of the flame retardant nonwoven. Similarly, the flammability of a binder film or the flammability of a flame retardant coated woven cloth often do not predict the flame retardancy of the same binder or flame retardant on a nonwoven substrate of rayon or polyester. Actual data on a nonwovens substrate is the only accurate measure of a system s flame retardancy. For this study, two widely used substrates were selected. The first, lightweight rando rayon, is representative of material used in nurse caps, surgeon s masks, and miscellaneous coverstock. This material is constructed of 1 1/2 denier fiber, weighs 1 1/2 ounces per square yard, and is relatively dense web. Rayon as a material is water absorbent, burns rather than melts, and is readily flammable. This fiber ignites around 400°C(2) and has an oxygen index of about 19.0. Certain binders adhere well to rayon while others do not. Apparently, this lack of affinity for the substrate affects flame retardancy, as will be demonstrated later. 

The temperatures and compositions of the wastewater and solvent feed streams, as well as the wastewater feed flow rate, are specified in the problem statement. The solvent flow rate is specified as one-fifteenth of the wastewater flow rate as described above. In the EXTRACT block, the number of stages will be manually varied from 2 to 10 to observe the effect on the raffinate and extract concentrations, and it will be specified as operating adiabatically at 1.7 atm. Water is specified as the key component in the first liquid phase, and MIBK is specified as the key component in the second liquid ph e. The rest of the block parameters (convergence, report, and miscellaneous block options) are allowed to remain at their default values. 

Active metal electrodes are defined as electrodes which react spontaneously with the solution components at open circuit potential. With the exception of miscellaneous nonaqueous systems based on aromatic nonpolar solvents, described in Chapter 1 (e.g., Gileadi et al. [1,2]), most electrochemical nonaqueous systems are based on polar solvents. These contain C-halogen (Cl, Br), C—-O, C—N, C—S, or C—P bonds that can readily be reduced by alkali metal, and probably by alkaline earth metals as well. In addition, the commonly used salts comprise anions such as C104 , BF4 , AsF, PFeA SO3CF3A N(S02CF3)2 , C(S02CF3)3A which can also be attacked by alkali and alkaline earth metals. Thus, both classes of metals fit into the category of active electrode materials. 

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