Miscellaneous Enzyme Systems

In addition to the peroxidase and laccases discussed above, a range of other, radical-forming enzymes have been reported in the context of vinyl polymerizations (Table 6.1). 

Kobayashi and coworkers later evaluated various other oxidases observing efficient polymerization with sarcosine oxidase whereas only little polymerization 

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Degraded Carotenoids Physical Methods Separation and Assay N.M.R. Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Chiroptical Methods Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy Infrared and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Other Spectroscopic Techniques Miscellaneous Physical Chemistry Photoreceptor Pigments Biosynthesis and Metabolism Stereochemistry Enzyme Systems Inhibition and Regulation... 

The effect of thyroxine on a number of individual enzyme systems has also been investigated with the hope that the hormone s mechanism of action might be clarified. Studies have been done on four classes of enzymes phosphatases, dehydrogenases, transhy-drogenases, and miscellaneous enzymes. 

Miscellaneous Toxicity Concerns. Additional toxicity concerns include interference with normal metabolism and function of mucosal cells, e.g., water absorption by these cells. The unconjugated bile acids are known to block amino acid metabolism and glucose transport. There is a possibility of biotransformation of these enhancers to toxic or carcinogenic substances by hepatic monooxygenases. Absorption of permeation enhancers into the systemic circulation can also cause toxicity, e.g., azone and hexamethylene laur-amide, which are absorbed across skin. Moreover, changes in membrane fluidity may alter the activity of membrane-bound transport proteins and enzymes. 

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