Miscellaneous anions, determination

The direct reaction of 1-alkenes with strong sulfonating agents leads to surface-active anionic mixtures containing both alkenesulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates as major products, together with small amounts of disulfonate components, unreacted material, and miscellaneous minor products (alkanes, branched or internal alkenes, secondary alcohols, sulfonate esters, and sultones). Collectively this final process mixture is called a-olefinsulfonate (AOS). The relative proportions of these components are known to be an important determinant of the physical and chemical properties of the surfactant [2]. 

Various miscellaneous column chromatographic techniques including ion pair, micelle, ion exclusion, size exclusion and gel permeation are discussed in Chapters 7-11. All of these techniques have found limited selected applications in the determination of organic compounds, cations and anions. 

Miscellaneous Physical Chemistry. A kinetic study has been made of the electrochemical reduction of /8-carotene. The photoelectron quantum yield spectrum and photoelectron microscopy of /3-carotene have been described. Second-order rate constants for electron-transfer reactions of radical cations and anions of six carotenoids have been determined. Electronic energy transfer from O2 to carotenoids, e.g. canthaxanthin [/8,/3-carotene-4,4 -dione (192)], has been demonstrated. Several aspects of the physical chemistry of retinal and related compounds have been reported, including studies of electrochemical reduction, the properties of symmetric and asymmetric retinal bilayers, retinal as a source of 02, and the fluorescence lifetimes of retinal. Calculations have been made of photoisomerization quantum yields for 11-cis-retinal and analogues and of the conversion of even-7r-orbital into odd-TT-orbital systems related to retinylidene Schiff bases. ... 

Miscellaneous Studies. Kinetic studies of the oxidation of Sn" by Co in perchloric acid and by Mo in hydrochloric acid have been performed, and complexation between Sn " and acetate ions and between Pb " and adenine, " thiourea, and maleate ions has been studied. Stability constants were usually determined. A model has been proposed for the interpretation of tin-119m Mossbauer data for tin(ii) compounds in terms of the distribution of tin valence electrons. The model accounts for the positive signs of the quadrupole coupling constants observed for tin(ii) compounds, and for the variation in the Mossbauer parameters of tris(halogenato)stannate(ii) anions as the cation is changed. ... 

Miscellaneous kinetic studies of solvolysis in binary aqueous mixtures have included those of the [Co(NH3)5(dmso)] + cation in seventy-one such mixtures, of the /rans-[Co(dmgH)2Cl(N02)] anion and its methylglyoximate analogue in ethanol- and propan-2-ol-water, of [Cr(sal)3] and of ajffy5-tetra-(p-sulphonato-phenyl)porphineiron(m) in ethanol-water, of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazoIe derivative of methylcobalamin, of the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of (BHJ- in acetonitrile containing small amounts of water, and of the rate-determining aquation prior to redox of the [Mn(ox)2(OH2)a] anion in aqueous dimethylformamide. A kinetic study of the reaction of thallium(m) with dimethylformamide indicates caution in the use of this co-solvent in binary aqueous mixtures at elevated temperatures or in the presence of oxidants. ... 

---