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Mineral-water-based drinks

The effect of pH on solubility is also important in understanding how fluoride ion reduces tooth decay. When tooth enamel comes in contact with F ions in drinking water or fluoride-containing toothpaste, OH- ions in hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PC>4)30H, are replaced by F- ions, giving the mineral fluorapatite, Ca5(PC>4)3F. Because F- is a much weaker base than OH-, Ca5(P04)3F is much more resistant than Cas(P04)30H to dissolving in acids. [Pg.695]

Nationally and internationally developed guidelines based on water quality and quantity are now in place in most countries. These typically are based on USEPA or WHO guidelines as to the maximum concentration of a particular chemical constituent in drinking water or water utilized by spawning salmon (Table 4). There exist also the requirements to maintain the area of a mineral operation, both during and after the... [Pg.220]

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Drinking water

Water minerals

Water-based

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