Millimol. mmol

ECF. Note that phosphorus is the major anion within the cells. Given this distribution, serum phosphate concentration does not accurately reflect total body phosphorus stores. Phosphorus is expressed in milligrams (mg) or millimoles (mmol), not as milliequivalents (mEq). Because phosphorus is the source of phosphate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phospholipid synthesis, manifestations of phosphorus imbalance are variable. 

A solute in a given solvent may remain unionized (nonelectrolyte) or may ionize (electrolyte). For nonelectrolytes, 1 millimole (mmol i.e., one formula weight in mg) represents 1 mOsm. For electrolytes, osmolarity depends on the total number of particles in solution which in turn depends on the degree of dissociation of a solute. For example, 1 mmol of completely dissociated KC1 represents 2 mOsm of total particles (i.e., K+ + CT). Similarly, 1 mmol of CaCl2 represents 3 mOsm of total particles (i.e., Ca++ + CT + CT). 

We can calculate pH titration curves using the principles of aqueous solution equilibria. To understand why titration curves have certain characteristic shapes, let s calculate these curves for four important types of titration (1) strong acid-strong base, (2) weak acid-strong base, (3) weak base-strong acid, and (4) polyprotic acid-strong base. For convenience, we ll express amounts of solute in millimoles (mmol) and solution volumes in milliliters (mL). Molar concentration can thus be expressed in mmol/mL, a unit that is equivalent to mol/L ... 

Molarity can also be defined as the number of millimoles (mmol) of solute per milliliter of solution. 

Sometimes it is more convenient to make calculations with millimoles (mmol) rather than moles the millimole is 1/1000 of a mole. The mass in grams of a millimole, the millimolar mass (mlM), is likewise 1/1000 of the molar mass. 

We often express the volume of a solution in milliliters rather than in liters. Likewise, we may express the amount of solute in millimoles (mmol) rather than in moles. Because one milliliter is 1/1000 of a liter and one millimole is 1/1000 of a mole, molarity also may he expressed as the numher of millimoles of solute per milliliter of solution ... 

We usually work with millimole (mmol) and millihter (mL) quantities in titrations therefore, the right-hand equations are more useful. Note that the expression for formula weight contains the same numerical value whether it be in g/mol or mg/mmol. Note also that care must be taken in utihzing miUi quantities (milhmoles, mil-hgrams, millihters). Incorrect use could result in calculations errors of 1000-fold. 

SOLUTION One (10.0 mL X 0.10 M) millimole (mmol) of the R enantiomer is mixed with 3 (30.0 mL X 0.10 M) mmol of the S enantiomer 1 mmol of the R enantiomer plus 1 mmol of the S enantiomer will form 2 mmol of a racemic mixture. There will be 2 mmol of S enantiomer left over. Therefore, 2 mmol out of 4 mmol is excess S enantiomer (2/4 = 0.50). The solution is 50% optically pure. 

All of these units can be expressed in parts of or multiples of 10. The names of these multiples are created by the use of prefixes of Greek and Latin origin. This is best illustrated by Table 1-3. These symbols can be used with any kind of unit to denote size, e.g., nanosecond (ns), millimol (mmol), kilometer (km). Some of the properties conunonly measured in the laboratory will be discussed in detail in a following section. 

Some countries use a measure called the millimole (mmol). The millimole is one-thousandth of a mole (the molecular atomic weight in milligrams). Many elements have the identical measures of millimoles and milliequivalents, but some elements are divalent (have a double valence) and will have a different millimole measure than milliequivalent measurement. 

In this form of the equation, the product of each side is in millimoles (mmol) rather than moles. We apply Equation 4.3 in Sample Problem 4.10. 

A millimole (mmol) is one-thousandth of a mole (0.001 mol). It is especially useful in titration calculations. 

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